EPIDEMIOLOGY INTRO EXAM 3
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2024
What is screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the presumptive identification of
unrecognized disease/defects by the application of tests, examinations, or
other procedures that can be applied rapidly
How is screening different from diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Screening:
-detect potential disease indicators
-target large #s of asymptomatic individuals
-simple & cheap
-results indicate suspicion of disease
Diagnostic:
-establish presence/absence of disease
-target single symptomatic individuals/asymptomatic individuals w/ pos.
screening test
-maybe invasive & costly
-results provide definite diagnosis
What is multiphasic screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the use of 2 or more
screening tests together among large groups of ppl
-info obtained on risk factor status, hx of illness, & physiologic & health
measurements
-commonly used by employers & health maintenance organizations
What is mass screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--screening on a large scale of
total population groups regardless of risk status
What is selective screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--screens subsets of the
population at high risk for disease
-more economical & likely to yield more true cases
What is mass health examination? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--population/epidemiologic surveys
-to gain knowledge regarding the distribution & determinants of diseases in
selected populations
-no benefit to participant is implied
, What is epidemiologic surveillance? - CORRECT ANSWERS--aims at the
protection of community health through case detection & intervention
-e.g. tuberculosis control
What is case finding? - CORRECT ANSWERS--opportunistic screening
-the utilization of screening tests for detection & conditions unrelated to
patient's chief complaint
What are the appropriate situations for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--social
-scientific
-ethical
What is an appropriate social situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--health prob should be important for individual &
community
-diagnostic follow up & intervention should be available to all who require
them
-should be favorable cost-benefit ratio
-public acceptance must be high
What is an appropriate scientific situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--natural hx of condition should be adequately
understood (knowledge permits identification of early stages of disease &
appropriate biologic markers of progression)
-knowledge base exists for efficacy of prevention & occurrence of side effects
-prevalence of disease/condition = high
What is an appropriate ethical situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--program can alter natural hx of condition in significant
proportion of those screened
-suitable, acceptable tests for screening & diagnosis of condition as well as
-acceptable, effective methods of prevention are available
What are the 5 characteristics of a good screening test? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--rapid: quick to administer
-inexpensive: good cost-benefit ratio
-safe: no harm to participants
-simple: easy to learn & perform
-acceptable: to target group
Why should we screen? - CORRECT ANSWERS--early diagnosis/detection =
better prognosis
-rather than waiting for prob to develop = more ppl sick/diagnosis/treatment
not gonna work
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2024
What is screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the presumptive identification of
unrecognized disease/defects by the application of tests, examinations, or
other procedures that can be applied rapidly
How is screening different from diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Screening:
-detect potential disease indicators
-target large #s of asymptomatic individuals
-simple & cheap
-results indicate suspicion of disease
Diagnostic:
-establish presence/absence of disease
-target single symptomatic individuals/asymptomatic individuals w/ pos.
screening test
-maybe invasive & costly
-results provide definite diagnosis
What is multiphasic screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--the use of 2 or more
screening tests together among large groups of ppl
-info obtained on risk factor status, hx of illness, & physiologic & health
measurements
-commonly used by employers & health maintenance organizations
What is mass screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--screening on a large scale of
total population groups regardless of risk status
What is selective screening? - CORRECT ANSWERS--screens subsets of the
population at high risk for disease
-more economical & likely to yield more true cases
What is mass health examination? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--population/epidemiologic surveys
-to gain knowledge regarding the distribution & determinants of diseases in
selected populations
-no benefit to participant is implied
, What is epidemiologic surveillance? - CORRECT ANSWERS--aims at the
protection of community health through case detection & intervention
-e.g. tuberculosis control
What is case finding? - CORRECT ANSWERS--opportunistic screening
-the utilization of screening tests for detection & conditions unrelated to
patient's chief complaint
What are the appropriate situations for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--social
-scientific
-ethical
What is an appropriate social situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--health prob should be important for individual &
community
-diagnostic follow up & intervention should be available to all who require
them
-should be favorable cost-benefit ratio
-public acceptance must be high
What is an appropriate scientific situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--natural hx of condition should be adequately
understood (knowledge permits identification of early stages of disease &
appropriate biologic markers of progression)
-knowledge base exists for efficacy of prevention & occurrence of side effects
-prevalence of disease/condition = high
What is an appropriate ethical situation for screening tests & programs? -
CORRECT ANSWERS--program can alter natural hx of condition in significant
proportion of those screened
-suitable, acceptable tests for screening & diagnosis of condition as well as
-acceptable, effective methods of prevention are available
What are the 5 characteristics of a good screening test? - CORRECT
ANSWERS--rapid: quick to administer
-inexpensive: good cost-benefit ratio
-safe: no harm to participants
-simple: easy to learn & perform
-acceptable: to target group
Why should we screen? - CORRECT ANSWERS--early diagnosis/detection =
better prognosis
-rather than waiting for prob to develop = more ppl sick/diagnosis/treatment
not gonna work
