Perfusion Basic science practice
questions and answer
An advantage of continuous warm blood cardioplegia is - correct answer-Increased oxygen
delivery
Intra-aortic balloon augmentation is contraindicated in pts with - correct answer-Aortic
insufficiency
When using a roller pump, aortic dissection caused by the aortic cannula may be detected
by - correct answer-Elevated arterial line pressure
The most significant advantage of venovenous ECMO over venoarterial ECMO is - correct
answer-Unaffected pulmonary hemodynamics
The rate of water extraction using an ultrafiltration device is dependent upon - correct
answer-1. Number, depth, and diameter of membrane pores
2.transmembrane pressure
3. Blood flow rate
When compared to trueembranes, hydrophobic microporous membrane oxygenators may
exhibit - correct answer-Fluid passage into the gas compartment
A low venous oxygen saturation may indicate - correct answer-1. Increased oxygen
utilization
2. Inadequate pump output
3. Failure of the oxygenator to oxygenate the blood
Polyvinyl chloride tuning in the roller pump usually deteriorates by - correct answer-Cracking
and breaking from the outer edge in
The theoretical advantage of blood cardioplegia over crystalloid is evidenced by - correct
answer-1. Greater preservation of myocardial high energy phosphates
2. Greater myocardial oxygen utilization
3. Reduced cardiac enzyme release in the immediate post operative period
Activated factor X is the first step in which of the following coagulation stages - correct
answer-Common pathway
Under normal physiological conditions, which organ has the lowest oxygen consumption per
unit weight - correct answer-Kidney
The release of NE by the nerve impulses causes interaction with - correct answer-Alpha
receptors
,In a pt with chronic hypoxic condition, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the
right by - correct answer-Increased 2,3 DPG levels
The use of citrate phosphate dextrose (CPDA) blood in the perfusate affects what parameter
- correct answer-Ionized calcium
Verapamil has actions similar to those of - correct answer-Nifedipine
Anti-arrhythmic
Anti HTN
Dexamethasone is a potent, synthetic - correct answer-Adrenocortical steroid
Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) administered in large doses is a - correct answer-Hydroxyl
radical scavenger
Iloprost is analog of - correct answer-Prostacyclin
Tx HTN
With normal renal function, the half life of cephalexin is - correct answer-1 hour
Cephalexin - correct answer-Antibiotic
Treatment for blood transfusion reaction - correct answer-Steroids
Diuretics
Heparin
Tx for antithrombin III deficiency - correct answer-FFP
During congenital intracardiac surgery, excessive venous blood draining into the RA may
indicate the presence - correct answer-Persistent left superior vena cava
Major extracellular cation - correct answer-Sodium
Primary structural units of proteins - correct answer-L-amino acid
Which clotting factor is activated by contact with foreign surfaces, roughened vascular walls,
and platelet aggregates - correct answer-XII hageman
The effect of plasmin is to - correct answer-Limit clotting by splitting fibrin
The normal arterio-venous oxygen difference is approximately - correct answer-5 volumes
percent?
5ml/100ml
,Characteristic of the oxygen dissociation curve for fetal hgb - correct answer-Shifts to the left
of the maternal curve
At a given po2, increasing the pco2 results in - correct answer-Less oxygen bound to hgb
Bohr effect
85-95% of pts, the circumflex artery supplies - correct answer-Entire posterior surface of the
left ventricle
The LAD arises from - correct answer-Left main coronary artery
Diagonal coronary arteries supply - correct answer-Lateral wall of LV
In 55% of pts, which coronary artery gives rise to blood supply for the SA node - correct
answer-RCA
The other 45% it comes off the cx
The main function of an enzyme is to - correct answer-Increase the rate of a biochemical
reaction
The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated by - correct
answer-Antibody-antigen reactions
Caplan (verapamil) is indicated for - correct answer-Atrial fib with rapid ventricular response
Calcium channel blocker
Persantine (dipyridamole) interfers with function of - correct answer-Platelets
Cardiovascular effects of inocor (amrinone) - correct answer-Increased Lvedp
Vasodilator
Inotrope
Cephalosprins have little antimicrobial activity against - correct answer-Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Gram negative)
Active against predominantly Gram positive
Which anesthetic agent has the shortest duration of action - correct answer-Sufenta half life
162 mins 5-10x more potent than fentanyl
Fentanyl is parent drug
Analgesia - correct answer-Inability to feel pain
,Effects of morphine - correct answer-1. Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption
2. Analgesia
3. Urinary retention
Increased tolerance of the brain to global ischemia when administered prior to ischemic
episode - correct answer-Dilantin (phenytoin)?
Anti seizure med
Digitalis preparations are most commonly used to - correct answer-Increase preload and
control ventricular heart rate
Most common site of traumatic aortic disruption due to deceleration injury is - correct
answer-Between the left subclavian and the ligamentum arteriosum
Obstruction of blood flow through the mitral valve mostly caused by - correct answer-Left
atrial myxoma
Atrial myxomias are primarily located - correct answer-Intraseptal
% of BF to heart - correct answer-4-5
% of BF to brain - correct answer-15
% of BF to kidneys - correct answer-~20
% of BF to liver - correct answer-30
When is a duran ring used - correct answer-Dilated annulus
Drug used when massive air embolism is delivered through aortic cannula - correct
answer-Sodium pentathol
Decrease brain metabolism in a crisis
Not preferred because of longer intubation time
Incubation time for HIV - correct answer-6 weeks to 6 months
How long can you have HIV before it becomes AIDS - correct answer-10 years
What cannot carry an infectious disease? - correct answer-Urine
Endocardial cushion defect - correct answer-When the AV valves do not have any
communication during embryonic development
With tapvr - correct answer-Blood return is to the RV
,Checking occlusion fluid drop method - correct answer-1cm/min
CI formula - correct answer-CO/BSA
SV * HR/ BSA
Relates CO of LV in one minute in relation to body size
Pt has MR and pulmonary edema and a dilated LV what can be expected? - correct
answer-Increased O2
Decreased Co2
Increased pH
Why is halothane not preferred for cardiac surgery - correct answer-Decreases myocardial
contractility
MR can lead to? - correct answer-TR
Calcium given when the Cross is still on - correct answer-Can lead to stone heart
Osmolarity of a biocompatible substance is determined by - correct answer-Proteins
What must you have with a norwood for survival? - correct answer-An alternative source of
pulmonary circulation.
An aortopulmonary shunt is created to connect the aorta to the main pulmonary artery to
provide pulmonary blood flow
What is MR secondary to? - correct answer-Rupture chordae tendonae to severe CAD or MI
Prostaglandin E - correct answer-A slight vasodilator
How do depth filters work? - correct answer-Through adsorption
Bubble point pressure - correct answer-Drawing air across a wettable screen filter
Alpha Stat - correct answer-Not temp corrected
Co2 interpreted as normal
Thought that cerebral BF is more dependent on cerebral perfusion pressure and MAP
No true idea of what pts co2 is as pts temp drops
PH Stat - correct answer-Values corrected for blood temp
Keep co2 and ph at normal values at pts temp
Increased cerebral bf from increased co2
, Co2 and temp - correct answer-Co2 Decreased by 4.4% for every degree that the temp is
reduced
Increased UO - correct answer-Increases Hct
Best way to deliver antegrade cpg to pt with AR - correct answer-Directly down coronaries
Pda feeds - correct answer-Posterior interventricularis
Boyles law - correct answer-pressure of a gas tends to decrease as the volume of a gas
increases
Charles law - correct answer-how gases tend to expand when heated
Increase temp, increase volume
Faradys law - correct answer-law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will
interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF)—a phenomenon
called electromagnetic induction.
Motors, transformers
Newtonian fluid - correct answer-is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow,
at every point, are linearly proportional to the local strain rate—the rate of change of its
deformation over time
Shear stress on the membrane and cause - correct answer-Hemolysis
Stokes-adams syndrome - correct answer-sudden, transient episode of syncope,
occasionally featuring seizures
Tx, pacemaker or isuprel or epi
Eisenthhovens triangle - correct answer-an imaginary formation of three limb leads in a
triangle used in electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and the pubis.[1] The
shape forms an inverted equilateral triangle with the heart at the center that produces zero
potential when the voltages are summed
Bainbridge reflex - correct answer-in central venous pressure.Increased blood volume is
detected by stretch receptors (baroreceptors) located in both atria at the venoatrial junctions.
TEE findings of MR - correct answer-Dilated heart with hypertrophy
Veins that do not drain directly into the heart - correct answer-Bronchial veins
With both vena cava snared, what are the source of return that can obstruct Vision - correct
answer-Pulmonary veins
questions and answer
An advantage of continuous warm blood cardioplegia is - correct answer-Increased oxygen
delivery
Intra-aortic balloon augmentation is contraindicated in pts with - correct answer-Aortic
insufficiency
When using a roller pump, aortic dissection caused by the aortic cannula may be detected
by - correct answer-Elevated arterial line pressure
The most significant advantage of venovenous ECMO over venoarterial ECMO is - correct
answer-Unaffected pulmonary hemodynamics
The rate of water extraction using an ultrafiltration device is dependent upon - correct
answer-1. Number, depth, and diameter of membrane pores
2.transmembrane pressure
3. Blood flow rate
When compared to trueembranes, hydrophobic microporous membrane oxygenators may
exhibit - correct answer-Fluid passage into the gas compartment
A low venous oxygen saturation may indicate - correct answer-1. Increased oxygen
utilization
2. Inadequate pump output
3. Failure of the oxygenator to oxygenate the blood
Polyvinyl chloride tuning in the roller pump usually deteriorates by - correct answer-Cracking
and breaking from the outer edge in
The theoretical advantage of blood cardioplegia over crystalloid is evidenced by - correct
answer-1. Greater preservation of myocardial high energy phosphates
2. Greater myocardial oxygen utilization
3. Reduced cardiac enzyme release in the immediate post operative period
Activated factor X is the first step in which of the following coagulation stages - correct
answer-Common pathway
Under normal physiological conditions, which organ has the lowest oxygen consumption per
unit weight - correct answer-Kidney
The release of NE by the nerve impulses causes interaction with - correct answer-Alpha
receptors
,In a pt with chronic hypoxic condition, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to the
right by - correct answer-Increased 2,3 DPG levels
The use of citrate phosphate dextrose (CPDA) blood in the perfusate affects what parameter
- correct answer-Ionized calcium
Verapamil has actions similar to those of - correct answer-Nifedipine
Anti-arrhythmic
Anti HTN
Dexamethasone is a potent, synthetic - correct answer-Adrenocortical steroid
Deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) administered in large doses is a - correct answer-Hydroxyl
radical scavenger
Iloprost is analog of - correct answer-Prostacyclin
Tx HTN
With normal renal function, the half life of cephalexin is - correct answer-1 hour
Cephalexin - correct answer-Antibiotic
Treatment for blood transfusion reaction - correct answer-Steroids
Diuretics
Heparin
Tx for antithrombin III deficiency - correct answer-FFP
During congenital intracardiac surgery, excessive venous blood draining into the RA may
indicate the presence - correct answer-Persistent left superior vena cava
Major extracellular cation - correct answer-Sodium
Primary structural units of proteins - correct answer-L-amino acid
Which clotting factor is activated by contact with foreign surfaces, roughened vascular walls,
and platelet aggregates - correct answer-XII hageman
The effect of plasmin is to - correct answer-Limit clotting by splitting fibrin
The normal arterio-venous oxygen difference is approximately - correct answer-5 volumes
percent?
5ml/100ml
,Characteristic of the oxygen dissociation curve for fetal hgb - correct answer-Shifts to the left
of the maternal curve
At a given po2, increasing the pco2 results in - correct answer-Less oxygen bound to hgb
Bohr effect
85-95% of pts, the circumflex artery supplies - correct answer-Entire posterior surface of the
left ventricle
The LAD arises from - correct answer-Left main coronary artery
Diagonal coronary arteries supply - correct answer-Lateral wall of LV
In 55% of pts, which coronary artery gives rise to blood supply for the SA node - correct
answer-RCA
The other 45% it comes off the cx
The main function of an enzyme is to - correct answer-Increase the rate of a biochemical
reaction
The classical pathway of complement activation is initiated by - correct
answer-Antibody-antigen reactions
Caplan (verapamil) is indicated for - correct answer-Atrial fib with rapid ventricular response
Calcium channel blocker
Persantine (dipyridamole) interfers with function of - correct answer-Platelets
Cardiovascular effects of inocor (amrinone) - correct answer-Increased Lvedp
Vasodilator
Inotrope
Cephalosprins have little antimicrobial activity against - correct answer-Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Gram negative)
Active against predominantly Gram positive
Which anesthetic agent has the shortest duration of action - correct answer-Sufenta half life
162 mins 5-10x more potent than fentanyl
Fentanyl is parent drug
Analgesia - correct answer-Inability to feel pain
,Effects of morphine - correct answer-1. Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption
2. Analgesia
3. Urinary retention
Increased tolerance of the brain to global ischemia when administered prior to ischemic
episode - correct answer-Dilantin (phenytoin)?
Anti seizure med
Digitalis preparations are most commonly used to - correct answer-Increase preload and
control ventricular heart rate
Most common site of traumatic aortic disruption due to deceleration injury is - correct
answer-Between the left subclavian and the ligamentum arteriosum
Obstruction of blood flow through the mitral valve mostly caused by - correct answer-Left
atrial myxoma
Atrial myxomias are primarily located - correct answer-Intraseptal
% of BF to heart - correct answer-4-5
% of BF to brain - correct answer-15
% of BF to kidneys - correct answer-~20
% of BF to liver - correct answer-30
When is a duran ring used - correct answer-Dilated annulus
Drug used when massive air embolism is delivered through aortic cannula - correct
answer-Sodium pentathol
Decrease brain metabolism in a crisis
Not preferred because of longer intubation time
Incubation time for HIV - correct answer-6 weeks to 6 months
How long can you have HIV before it becomes AIDS - correct answer-10 years
What cannot carry an infectious disease? - correct answer-Urine
Endocardial cushion defect - correct answer-When the AV valves do not have any
communication during embryonic development
With tapvr - correct answer-Blood return is to the RV
,Checking occlusion fluid drop method - correct answer-1cm/min
CI formula - correct answer-CO/BSA
SV * HR/ BSA
Relates CO of LV in one minute in relation to body size
Pt has MR and pulmonary edema and a dilated LV what can be expected? - correct
answer-Increased O2
Decreased Co2
Increased pH
Why is halothane not preferred for cardiac surgery - correct answer-Decreases myocardial
contractility
MR can lead to? - correct answer-TR
Calcium given when the Cross is still on - correct answer-Can lead to stone heart
Osmolarity of a biocompatible substance is determined by - correct answer-Proteins
What must you have with a norwood for survival? - correct answer-An alternative source of
pulmonary circulation.
An aortopulmonary shunt is created to connect the aorta to the main pulmonary artery to
provide pulmonary blood flow
What is MR secondary to? - correct answer-Rupture chordae tendonae to severe CAD or MI
Prostaglandin E - correct answer-A slight vasodilator
How do depth filters work? - correct answer-Through adsorption
Bubble point pressure - correct answer-Drawing air across a wettable screen filter
Alpha Stat - correct answer-Not temp corrected
Co2 interpreted as normal
Thought that cerebral BF is more dependent on cerebral perfusion pressure and MAP
No true idea of what pts co2 is as pts temp drops
PH Stat - correct answer-Values corrected for blood temp
Keep co2 and ph at normal values at pts temp
Increased cerebral bf from increased co2
, Co2 and temp - correct answer-Co2 Decreased by 4.4% for every degree that the temp is
reduced
Increased UO - correct answer-Increases Hct
Best way to deliver antegrade cpg to pt with AR - correct answer-Directly down coronaries
Pda feeds - correct answer-Posterior interventricularis
Boyles law - correct answer-pressure of a gas tends to decrease as the volume of a gas
increases
Charles law - correct answer-how gases tend to expand when heated
Increase temp, increase volume
Faradys law - correct answer-law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field will
interact with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force (EMF)—a phenomenon
called electromagnetic induction.
Motors, transformers
Newtonian fluid - correct answer-is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow,
at every point, are linearly proportional to the local strain rate—the rate of change of its
deformation over time
Shear stress on the membrane and cause - correct answer-Hemolysis
Stokes-adams syndrome - correct answer-sudden, transient episode of syncope,
occasionally featuring seizures
Tx, pacemaker or isuprel or epi
Eisenthhovens triangle - correct answer-an imaginary formation of three limb leads in a
triangle used in electrocardiography, formed by the two shoulders and the pubis.[1] The
shape forms an inverted equilateral triangle with the heart at the center that produces zero
potential when the voltages are summed
Bainbridge reflex - correct answer-in central venous pressure.Increased blood volume is
detected by stretch receptors (baroreceptors) located in both atria at the venoatrial junctions.
TEE findings of MR - correct answer-Dilated heart with hypertrophy
Veins that do not drain directly into the heart - correct answer-Bronchial veins
With both vena cava snared, what are the source of return that can obstruct Vision - correct
answer-Pulmonary veins
