Psych 375- Cognition Final Exam
Thinking - ANS-Going beyond given information in order to reach a goal
Problem Solving - ANS-Trying to reach a certain goal when the solution is not
immediately obvious
Initial State of Problem Solving - ANS-Where you are at the beginning
Goal State of Problem Solving - ANS-Where you want to be when the problem is solved
Problem Space - ANS-The active nature of solving the problem
Situated Cognition - ANS-Emphasizes the importance of the external situation/context in
problem solving
Using helpful information in the environment to create a spatial representation
Embodied Cognition - ANS-Body and physical motion that help with abstract reasoning
Using your body to represent a topic
Algorithm - ANS-An approach that will ALWAYS produce a solution, but is often
inefficient
Heuristic - ANS-A mental shortcut that is an efficient strategy to producing solutions, but
is often error-prone
Analogy Problem Solving Strategy - ANS-Using a stituation similar to help you solve a
new problem
Surface vs Structure
Tumor and Fortress problem
Means End - ANS-Most effective method for problem solving
Dividing the problem into sub-problems and accomplsihing small goals
, Hill Climbing - ANS-Always choosing the option that appears to lead most directly
toward the goal.
Moving "up the hill" rather than taking a downhill trail
Expertise influence in Problem Solving - ANS-Better at solving problems in their
particular area of interest
Mental Set - ANS-Using solutions from previous problems, even if not the best option
Functional Fixedness - ANS-Assigning stable uses to objects, and only using them in
traditional practices
Stereotype Threat - ANS-Belonging to a group with a negative stereotype and
recognizing the supposed deficiency can cause performance to suffer
Insight - ANS-"Light bulb moment"
Comes all at once
Noninsight - ANS-Understanding comes gradually
Creativity - ANS-Coming up with novel, useful solutions
Creativity in types of thinking - ANS-Originally believed that divergent thinking (coming
up with many very different answers) was the best form of creativity, but now,
convergent thinking (coming up with a single, best solution) is esteemed to be the best.
Extrinsic Motivation - ANS-Motivation through external means or promise of reward
Intrinsic Motivation - ANS-Motivation to perform a task for its own sake
Type 1 Processing - ANS-Fast and Automatic
Type 2 Processing - ANS-Slow and Controlled
Syllogism - ANS-If P, then Q
P, therefore Q - ANS-Affirming the antecedent
Thinking - ANS-Going beyond given information in order to reach a goal
Problem Solving - ANS-Trying to reach a certain goal when the solution is not
immediately obvious
Initial State of Problem Solving - ANS-Where you are at the beginning
Goal State of Problem Solving - ANS-Where you want to be when the problem is solved
Problem Space - ANS-The active nature of solving the problem
Situated Cognition - ANS-Emphasizes the importance of the external situation/context in
problem solving
Using helpful information in the environment to create a spatial representation
Embodied Cognition - ANS-Body and physical motion that help with abstract reasoning
Using your body to represent a topic
Algorithm - ANS-An approach that will ALWAYS produce a solution, but is often
inefficient
Heuristic - ANS-A mental shortcut that is an efficient strategy to producing solutions, but
is often error-prone
Analogy Problem Solving Strategy - ANS-Using a stituation similar to help you solve a
new problem
Surface vs Structure
Tumor and Fortress problem
Means End - ANS-Most effective method for problem solving
Dividing the problem into sub-problems and accomplsihing small goals
, Hill Climbing - ANS-Always choosing the option that appears to lead most directly
toward the goal.
Moving "up the hill" rather than taking a downhill trail
Expertise influence in Problem Solving - ANS-Better at solving problems in their
particular area of interest
Mental Set - ANS-Using solutions from previous problems, even if not the best option
Functional Fixedness - ANS-Assigning stable uses to objects, and only using them in
traditional practices
Stereotype Threat - ANS-Belonging to a group with a negative stereotype and
recognizing the supposed deficiency can cause performance to suffer
Insight - ANS-"Light bulb moment"
Comes all at once
Noninsight - ANS-Understanding comes gradually
Creativity - ANS-Coming up with novel, useful solutions
Creativity in types of thinking - ANS-Originally believed that divergent thinking (coming
up with many very different answers) was the best form of creativity, but now,
convergent thinking (coming up with a single, best solution) is esteemed to be the best.
Extrinsic Motivation - ANS-Motivation through external means or promise of reward
Intrinsic Motivation - ANS-Motivation to perform a task for its own sake
Type 1 Processing - ANS-Fast and Automatic
Type 2 Processing - ANS-Slow and Controlled
Syllogism - ANS-If P, then Q
P, therefore Q - ANS-Affirming the antecedent
