Final Exam Review - PSYC 375
The term saltatory conduction refers to the fact that - ANS-action potentials occur only
at the nodes of Ranvier of axons.
If you inserted a micropipette into a neuron without harming the cell, and pumped in a
small quantity of calcium ions, each of which carried two positive charges, how would
this affect the membrane potential? - ANS-The membrane potential would become
depolarized relative to the resting potential.
All of the structures listed here are major components of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the
- ANS-amygdala
________ is the idea that the columnar organization in the adult cortex is derived during
development from the cells dividing in the ventricular region. - ANS-Heschl's gyrus.
The corpus callosum - ANS-permits communication between the two cerebral
hemispheres.
The two main classes of cell in the nervous system are - ANS-neurons and glial cells.
The ________, which is comprised of astrocytes, protects the brain from chemical
compounds circulating in the body that might otherwise interfere with neuronal activity. -
ANS-blood-brain barrier
In myelinated axons, action potentials are generated - ANS-at the nodes of Ranvier
only.
If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would
be able to demonstrate that - ANS-the region inside the cell membrane contains more
negative ions than the region outside the membrane.
The value of the membrane potential to which an axon must be depolarized to initiate
an action potential is called the ________ potential for that neuron. - ANS-threshold
Which of the following cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system? -
ANS-Schwann cells
,The volume of cortex that is not sensory or motor has traditionally been termed
________ cortex. - ANS-association
The frontal lobe is ________ to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is
________ to the parietal lobe. - ANS-anterior ; inferior
The cells in the brain that guide migrating neurons to their final locations are called -
ANS-radial glia.
The primary visual cortex, or V1, is located in - ANS-the striate cortex.
b. Brodmann area 17.
c. the calcarine fissure.
Correct d. all of the above.
The nodes of Ranvier are - ANS-points along axons that are not surrounded by myelin.
The effect of a particular neurotransmitter on postsynaptic neurons - ANS-a. depends
on the properties of the postsynaptic neuron.
b. may be modulated by the presence or absence of another neurotransmitter
(Both)
A patient reports that she is functionally blind after a focal brain injury, even though her
eyes and optic nerves are completely intact. Of the structures listed here, the most
probable location for the brain injury is the - ANS-lateral geniculate nucleus.
The primary auditory cortex is organized using a tonotopic map, which means that there
is an orderly representation of - ANS-frequency.
The central sulcus is an anatomical landmark that separates the ________ lobe from
the ________ lobe. - ANS-frontal ; parietal
The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in synaptic transmission is to - ANS-mediate the release
of neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron.
, Communication between the two hemispheres of the brain occurs mainly through the -
ANS-corpus callosum.
The temporal lobe likely bears this name because - ANS-it lies beneath the area of the
scalp where hair grays with age.
Two main types of projections extend from the cell body of a neuron. ________ receive
inputs from other neurons, while ________ send information to other neurons. -
ANS-dendrites ; axons
Why is it difficult to investigate the conscious experience of perception using monkeys?
- ANS-We cannot infer a conscious experience from monkeys' behavior.
Of the following choices, the strongest evidence for a link between the sense of smell
and the triggering of memories is the observation that - ANS-the olfactory cortex has
direct connectivity to the limbic cortex.
Neurons in the olfactory bulb demonstrate an extensive amount of convergence and
divergence. This means that neurons in this system - ANS-project to, and receive input
from, a large number of other neurons.
The highest density of ________, or color-sensitive photoreceptors, can be found in the
________ of the retina. - ANS-cones ; fovea
Before entering the brain, each optic nerve splits into two branches so that information
from the ________ half of each retina crosses to the opposite side of the brain. -
ANS-nasal (medial)
Which of the following is the best example of cortical plasticity? - ANS-the processing of
tactile information by blind people in cortical regions that process visual information in
sighted people
A patient with progressive supranuclear palsy is suffering from gradual deterioration of
his superior colliculus. Which of the following statements best describes the result of
this disease? - ANS-The patient is unable to initiate eye movements.
The primary olfactory cortex is located at the junction of the ________ and ________
lobes. - ANS-frontal ; temporal
A selective loss of motion perception is called - ANS-akinetopsia.
The term saltatory conduction refers to the fact that - ANS-action potentials occur only
at the nodes of Ranvier of axons.
If you inserted a micropipette into a neuron without harming the cell, and pumped in a
small quantity of calcium ions, each of which carried two positive charges, how would
this affect the membrane potential? - ANS-The membrane potential would become
depolarized relative to the resting potential.
All of the structures listed here are major components of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the
- ANS-amygdala
________ is the idea that the columnar organization in the adult cortex is derived during
development from the cells dividing in the ventricular region. - ANS-Heschl's gyrus.
The corpus callosum - ANS-permits communication between the two cerebral
hemispheres.
The two main classes of cell in the nervous system are - ANS-neurons and glial cells.
The ________, which is comprised of astrocytes, protects the brain from chemical
compounds circulating in the body that might otherwise interfere with neuronal activity. -
ANS-blood-brain barrier
In myelinated axons, action potentials are generated - ANS-at the nodes of Ranvier
only.
If you were to insert a microelectrode through the cell membrane of a neuron, you would
be able to demonstrate that - ANS-the region inside the cell membrane contains more
negative ions than the region outside the membrane.
The value of the membrane potential to which an axon must be depolarized to initiate
an action potential is called the ________ potential for that neuron. - ANS-threshold
Which of the following cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system? -
ANS-Schwann cells
,The volume of cortex that is not sensory or motor has traditionally been termed
________ cortex. - ANS-association
The frontal lobe is ________ to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is
________ to the parietal lobe. - ANS-anterior ; inferior
The cells in the brain that guide migrating neurons to their final locations are called -
ANS-radial glia.
The primary visual cortex, or V1, is located in - ANS-the striate cortex.
b. Brodmann area 17.
c. the calcarine fissure.
Correct d. all of the above.
The nodes of Ranvier are - ANS-points along axons that are not surrounded by myelin.
The effect of a particular neurotransmitter on postsynaptic neurons - ANS-a. depends
on the properties of the postsynaptic neuron.
b. may be modulated by the presence or absence of another neurotransmitter
(Both)
A patient reports that she is functionally blind after a focal brain injury, even though her
eyes and optic nerves are completely intact. Of the structures listed here, the most
probable location for the brain injury is the - ANS-lateral geniculate nucleus.
The primary auditory cortex is organized using a tonotopic map, which means that there
is an orderly representation of - ANS-frequency.
The central sulcus is an anatomical landmark that separates the ________ lobe from
the ________ lobe. - ANS-frontal ; parietal
The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in synaptic transmission is to - ANS-mediate the release
of neurotransmitter molecules from the presynaptic neuron.
, Communication between the two hemispheres of the brain occurs mainly through the -
ANS-corpus callosum.
The temporal lobe likely bears this name because - ANS-it lies beneath the area of the
scalp where hair grays with age.
Two main types of projections extend from the cell body of a neuron. ________ receive
inputs from other neurons, while ________ send information to other neurons. -
ANS-dendrites ; axons
Why is it difficult to investigate the conscious experience of perception using monkeys?
- ANS-We cannot infer a conscious experience from monkeys' behavior.
Of the following choices, the strongest evidence for a link between the sense of smell
and the triggering of memories is the observation that - ANS-the olfactory cortex has
direct connectivity to the limbic cortex.
Neurons in the olfactory bulb demonstrate an extensive amount of convergence and
divergence. This means that neurons in this system - ANS-project to, and receive input
from, a large number of other neurons.
The highest density of ________, or color-sensitive photoreceptors, can be found in the
________ of the retina. - ANS-cones ; fovea
Before entering the brain, each optic nerve splits into two branches so that information
from the ________ half of each retina crosses to the opposite side of the brain. -
ANS-nasal (medial)
Which of the following is the best example of cortical plasticity? - ANS-the processing of
tactile information by blind people in cortical regions that process visual information in
sighted people
A patient with progressive supranuclear palsy is suffering from gradual deterioration of
his superior colliculus. Which of the following statements best describes the result of
this disease? - ANS-The patient is unable to initiate eye movements.
The primary olfactory cortex is located at the junction of the ________ and ________
lobes. - ANS-frontal ; temporal
A selective loss of motion perception is called - ANS-akinetopsia.
