MN551 Quiz 1
Control center of the cell - ANS-Nucleus
What part of the cell contains DNA - ANS-Nucleus
Where does work occur in the cell - ANS-Cytoplasm
Colloidal solution that contains water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and glycogen
molecules - ANS-Cytoplasm
What part of the cell consists of lipids, carbs, and proteins - ANS-Cell membrane
What is the cell membrane made up of - ANS-Lipid bilayer
True or False:
The cell membrane is made up only of lipids and cholesterol molecules - ANS-False
It is made of lipids, proteins, and carbs
What is food gives us cellular energy - ANS-CHO, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
What is the purpose of food - ANS-Nourishment of bodies-organs-tissues-
cells-molecules
Where do we get vitamins and minerals from - ANS-Food sources
What are the water soluble vitamins - ANS-Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyroxidine, folic
acid
Purpose of thiamine - ANS-Converts pyruvic acid to acetyl-coA
Purpose of riboflavin - ANS-Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
Purpose of niacin - ANS-Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
,Purpose of pyroxidine - ANS-Cofactor for the enzymes involved in amino acid
metabolism
Purpose of folic acid - ANS-Essential for DNA synthesis
Fat soluble vitamins - ANS-A, D, E, K
What can vitamin E do to free radicals - ANS-Inactivate them
Purpose of vitamin A - ANS-Used in the photo pigment of the retina
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on embryonic development - ANS-Interferes with
embryonic development
What organ produces vitamin D - ANS-Skin
What has to occur for the skin to produce vitamin D - ANS-UV light
Which vitamin is required for the production of prothrombin and for clotting factors 9 and
10 - ANS-Vitamin K
What is the first pathway of cellular respiration - ANS-Glycolysis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anerobic - ANS-Anerobic
Where does glycolysis occur - ANS-Cytosol
What is the purpose of glycolysis - ANS-Converts one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate
What does it mean to be anaerobic - ANS-Can occur with or without oxygen
Net yield of glycolysis - ANS-2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Purpose of the Krebs cycle - ANS-Converts pyruvate into metabolites and generates
ATP by pyruvate oxidation and electrons are produced
As electrons flow down the electron transport chain what is produced - ANS-Water and
energy
,What is the outer membrane of the mitochondria composed of - ANS-Lipid layer that is
permeable to small molecules because of proteins
Why is the outer membrane of the mitochondria permeable - ANS-Proteins
True or false
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is permeable - ANS-False
The inner membrane is not permeable to small molecules (H+ ions)
Apoptosis - ANS-Controlled cell death
Signals of disruption in homeostasis - ANS-DNA damage
Viruses
Environmental stress (oxygen and other nutrient deprivation)
Reactive oxygen species (oxygen with an unstable electron)
True or false
Cells adapt to changes in the internal environment - ANS-True
How do cells adapt to increased work demands - ANS-Change in size, number, and
form
How do cells change in size - ANS-Atrophy or hypertrophy
How to cells change in number - ANS-Hyperplasia
How do cells change in form - ANS-Metaplasia
Atrophy - ANS-Decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANS-Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - ANS-Increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - ANS-Replacement of adult cells
Dysplasia - ANS-Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue
, Which of the follow best describes the cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette
smokes - ANS-Metaplasia
As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What are normal body substances - ANS-Lipids
Proteins
Carbs
Melanin
Abnormal endogenous products - ANS-Those resulting from inborn errors of
metabolism
Exogenous products - ANS-Environmental agents and pigments not broken down by
the cell
What are pathologic calcifications - ANS-Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts,
together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other minerals
Where do dystrophic calcifications occur - ANS-In dead or dying tissue
Where do metastatic calcifications occur - ANS-In normal tissue
True or false
Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia - ANS-True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of the solution
Causes of cell injury - ANS-Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Cell injury from physical agents - ANS-Mechanical forces
Temperature extremes
Electrical forces
Control center of the cell - ANS-Nucleus
What part of the cell contains DNA - ANS-Nucleus
Where does work occur in the cell - ANS-Cytoplasm
Colloidal solution that contains water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and glycogen
molecules - ANS-Cytoplasm
What part of the cell consists of lipids, carbs, and proteins - ANS-Cell membrane
What is the cell membrane made up of - ANS-Lipid bilayer
True or False:
The cell membrane is made up only of lipids and cholesterol molecules - ANS-False
It is made of lipids, proteins, and carbs
What is food gives us cellular energy - ANS-CHO, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals
What is the purpose of food - ANS-Nourishment of bodies-organs-tissues-
cells-molecules
Where do we get vitamins and minerals from - ANS-Food sources
What are the water soluble vitamins - ANS-Thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyroxidine, folic
acid
Purpose of thiamine - ANS-Converts pyruvic acid to acetyl-coA
Purpose of riboflavin - ANS-Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
Purpose of niacin - ANS-Needed for the production of coenzymes NAD and FAD
,Purpose of pyroxidine - ANS-Cofactor for the enzymes involved in amino acid
metabolism
Purpose of folic acid - ANS-Essential for DNA synthesis
Fat soluble vitamins - ANS-A, D, E, K
What can vitamin E do to free radicals - ANS-Inactivate them
Purpose of vitamin A - ANS-Used in the photo pigment of the retina
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on embryonic development - ANS-Interferes with
embryonic development
What organ produces vitamin D - ANS-Skin
What has to occur for the skin to produce vitamin D - ANS-UV light
Which vitamin is required for the production of prothrombin and for clotting factors 9 and
10 - ANS-Vitamin K
What is the first pathway of cellular respiration - ANS-Glycolysis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anerobic - ANS-Anerobic
Where does glycolysis occur - ANS-Cytosol
What is the purpose of glycolysis - ANS-Converts one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate
What does it mean to be anaerobic - ANS-Can occur with or without oxygen
Net yield of glycolysis - ANS-2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
Purpose of the Krebs cycle - ANS-Converts pyruvate into metabolites and generates
ATP by pyruvate oxidation and electrons are produced
As electrons flow down the electron transport chain what is produced - ANS-Water and
energy
,What is the outer membrane of the mitochondria composed of - ANS-Lipid layer that is
permeable to small molecules because of proteins
Why is the outer membrane of the mitochondria permeable - ANS-Proteins
True or false
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is permeable - ANS-False
The inner membrane is not permeable to small molecules (H+ ions)
Apoptosis - ANS-Controlled cell death
Signals of disruption in homeostasis - ANS-DNA damage
Viruses
Environmental stress (oxygen and other nutrient deprivation)
Reactive oxygen species (oxygen with an unstable electron)
True or false
Cells adapt to changes in the internal environment - ANS-True
How do cells adapt to increased work demands - ANS-Change in size, number, and
form
How do cells change in size - ANS-Atrophy or hypertrophy
How to cells change in number - ANS-Hyperplasia
How do cells change in form - ANS-Metaplasia
Atrophy - ANS-Decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - ANS-Increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - ANS-Increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - ANS-Replacement of adult cells
Dysplasia - ANS-Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue
, Which of the follow best describes the cellular adaptation seen in chronic cigarette
smokes - ANS-Metaplasia
As cells are damaged, a hardier version replaces the normal strata of cells
What are normal body substances - ANS-Lipids
Proteins
Carbs
Melanin
Abnormal endogenous products - ANS-Those resulting from inborn errors of
metabolism
Exogenous products - ANS-Environmental agents and pigments not broken down by
the cell
What are pathologic calcifications - ANS-Abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts,
together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium, and other minerals
Where do dystrophic calcifications occur - ANS-In dead or dying tissue
Where do metastatic calcifications occur - ANS-In normal tissue
True or false
Dystrophic calcification can result from prolonged ischemia - ANS-True
Ischemia stresses the tissue, it dies, and calcium precipitates out of the solution
Causes of cell injury - ANS-Injury from physical agents
Radiation injury
Chemical injury
Injury from biologic agents
Injury from nutritional imbalances
Cell injury from physical agents - ANS-Mechanical forces
Temperature extremes
Electrical forces
