Unit 5 Patho MN551, Unit 4 Patho,
Unit3Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit 1 MN
551 Patho
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development
of edema? - ANS-An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? -
ANS-Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures
that govern ventilation?
Question options: - ANS-Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the
chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - ANS-Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl
developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work
was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal
circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - ANS-Pulmonary
vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over
the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - ANS-Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the
following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - ANS-"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs
expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
,A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis? - ANS-Aortic valve stenosis
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - ANS-A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by
friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and
are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might
expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - ANS-The outcome is the
result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he
has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and
possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? - ANS-Overactive bladder that may
result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of
this change? - ANS-Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the
mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their entry
into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate mucociliary
blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and increased
carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate
consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive
heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at
an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - ANS-Blood
backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the
heart.
, Bacterial - ANS-Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective
agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in
broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to
crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - ANS-Base pairs
may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - ANS-A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia.
Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ANS-A woman who has
herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - ANS-A 22-year-old male who has
lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of
cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the
electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and
physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following series of tests
is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? -
ANS-Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced
lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be
a contributor to her low lung compliance? - ANS-Her thoracic cage is less flexible than
when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory
rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically
anticipate? - ANS-Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH
will decrease.
Unit3Patho, Unit2 MN551 patho, Unit 1 MN
551 Patho
Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development
of edema? - ANS-An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is
distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the
following phenomena best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? -
ANS-Products of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the respiratory pressures
that govern ventilation?
Question options: - ANS-Negative intrapleural pressure holds the lungs against the
chest wall
Increased thrombopoietin levels - ANS-Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl
developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work
was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered
unexpected by the health care team?
Which of the following situations related to the transition from fetal to perinatal
circulation would be most likely to necessitate medical intervention? - ANS-Pulmonary
vascular resistance, related to muscle regression in the pulmonary arteries, rises over
the course of the infant's first week.
At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect
blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? - ANS-Bowman Space
A 51-year-old female patient who is 2 days postoperative on a surgical unit of a hospital
is at risk for developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the
following teaching points by her nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
Question options: - ANS-"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs
expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
,A 66-year-old patient's echocardiogram reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle, normal
chamber volume, and a normal ejection fraction from the heart. What is this patient's
most likely diagnosis? - ANS-Aortic valve stenosis
"Stem cells can be used as a source of reserve cells for the entire blood production
system." - ANS-A couple who are expecting their first child have been advised by
friends to consider harvesting umbilical cord blood in order to have a future source of
stem cells. The couple have approached their nurse practitioner with this request and
are seeking clarification of exactly why stem cells are valuable and what they might
expect to gain from harvesting them. How can the nurse practitioner best respond to the
couple's inquiry?
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes,
neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following
explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? - ANS-The outcome is the
result of the interaction between collaborative genes.
A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he
has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a sudden need to
void with little warning during the day. What is the man's most likely diagnosis and
possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? - ANS-Overactive bladder that may
result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources
As a result of dehydration, a patient's epithelial cells are producing insufficient amounts
of mucus. Consequently, the patient's mucociliary blanket is compromised. Which of the
following changes would a care provider most reasonably anticipate as a direct result of
this change? - ANS-Increased amounts of bacteria in the lungs. The primary role of the
mucociliary blanket is to trap foreign particles and bacteria and thus prevent their entry
into the lungs. The impaired ciliary function may result in an inadequate mucociliary
blanket, but the opposite relationship is unlikely. Decreased oxygen and increased
carbon dioxide levels may eventually result, but not as a direct or immediate
consequence.
An 81-year-old female patient of a long-term care facility has a history of congestive
heart failure. The nurse practitioner caring for the patient has positioned her sitting up at
an angle in bed and is observing her jugular venous distention. Why is jugular venous
distention a useful indicator for the assessment of the patient's condition? - ANS-Blood
backs up into the jugular vein because there are no valves at the point of entry into the
heart.
, Bacterial - ANS-Sputum samples from a patient with pneumonia contain an infective
agent that has a peptidoglycan cell wall, expresses endotoxins, replicates readily in
broth and on agar, grows in clusters, has pili, and does not stain when exposed to
crystal violet. This pneumonia is most likely:
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial
accident several years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may
underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the patient? - ANS-Base pairs
may have been rearranged by the radiation exposure.
Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly - ANS-A child has been diagnosed with thalassemia.
Which of the following other health problems is the child at risk for?
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest
increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ANS-A woman who has
herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditis
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - ANS-A 22-year-old male who has
lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury
As part of the diagnostic workup for a male patient with a complex history of
cardiovascular disease, the care team has identified the need for a record of the
electrical activity of his heart, insight into the metabolism of his myocardium, and
physical measurements, and imaging of his heart. Which of the following series of tests
is most likely to provide the needed data for his diagnosis and care? -
ANS-Echocardiogram, PET scan, ECG
A female patient is requiring supplementary oxygen by facemask due to her reduced
lung compliance. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to be
a contributor to her low lung compliance? - ANS-Her thoracic cage is less flexible than
when she was healthy.
A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory
rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically
anticipate? - ANS-Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH
will decrease.
