OSAT - Early Childhood Education
Authoritative - ANS-High responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
Authoritation - ANS-Low responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or
explanation and has high expectations
Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - ANS-High responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the
child to what they say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - ANS-Low responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
How to be authoritative? - ANS-model self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
What is responsiveness? - ANS-How warm a person is and how he/she communicates
and gives explanations of child
What is demanding? - ANS-How effectively and positively a person makes expectations
clear to children and how the child is monitored while doing it
John Dewey - ANS-children have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
What is assimilation? - ANS-taking in new information and connecting it with prior
knowledge
, What is accommodation? - ANS-Taking in new information and changing prior
knowledge to better fit new information
Jean Piaget - ANS-Assimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal
Operations Stage
Sensorimotor Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
Pre-operational Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at
appearance not logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
Concrete Operations Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
Formal Operations Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
Perspective Taking - ANS-Level 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not
everyone reaches this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of
different perspectives such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone
reaches this level
Level 4 - Adolescence and Adulthood - very sophisticated in perspective-taking ability,
believes different perspectives form a network; conceptualized society's viewpoints on
legal and moral issues; not everybody reaches this level
Lev Vygotsky - ANS-Scaffolding; ZPD; Dialogue vs Discourse
Authoritative - ANS-High responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
Authoritation - ANS-Low responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or
explanation and has high expectations
Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - ANS-High responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the
child to what they say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - ANS-Low responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
How to be authoritative? - ANS-model self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
What is responsiveness? - ANS-How warm a person is and how he/she communicates
and gives explanations of child
What is demanding? - ANS-How effectively and positively a person makes expectations
clear to children and how the child is monitored while doing it
John Dewey - ANS-children have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
What is assimilation? - ANS-taking in new information and connecting it with prior
knowledge
, What is accommodation? - ANS-Taking in new information and changing prior
knowledge to better fit new information
Jean Piaget - ANS-Assimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal
Operations Stage
Sensorimotor Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
Pre-operational Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at
appearance not logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
Concrete Operations Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
Formal Operations Stage - ANS-Jean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
Perspective Taking - ANS-Level 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not
everyone reaches this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of
different perspectives such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone
reaches this level
Level 4 - Adolescence and Adulthood - very sophisticated in perspective-taking ability,
believes different perspectives form a network; conceptualized society's viewpoints on
legal and moral issues; not everybody reaches this level
Lev Vygotsky - ANS-Scaffolding; ZPD; Dialogue vs Discourse
