OSAT 105 Early Childhood
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to 1 month - ANS-infants learn to comprehend environment
through inborn reflexes
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ANS-infants start coordinating physical sensations
with new schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 months - ANS-infants repeat rewarding actions - now focused
on things in the environment they can affect
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ANS-infants begin exploring their surroundings
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ANS-children begin experimenting - trial and error
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ANS-- Children begin representing objects and
events with symbols
- begin to understand the world via not only actions but mental operations
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ANS-- 2-6 years old
- symbolic representation
- play pretend/make believe
- intuitive thinking
- "egocentric" cannot adopt another point of view
schema - ANS-mental concepts that represent elements of the environment (category
or class of things)
assimilation - ANS-when we fit something into an existing schema (mental concept)
accomadation - ANS-adapting one's current understanding (schemas) to incorporate
new information
conservation - ANS-the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Sociocultural Theory - ANS-emphasizes that cognitive dev. is enhanced through social
interactions between members of a culture
, zone of proximal development - ANS-the difference between what children can do with
assistance and what they can do alone
scaffolding - ANS-the support for learning and problem solving that encourages
independence and growth
self-actualization - ANS-the process by which people achieve their full potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANS-1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. role confusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-birth - 18 months:
infants learn to trust when they are cared for consistently and predictably
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ANS-18 months - 3 years: toddlers learn
independence, become more self-sufficient or doubt their abilities in activities
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS-Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in
planning, playing and other activities
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child
learns to be productive - build things, discover, figure out how stuff works
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stages occur during early childhood,
i.e., from birth to the age of 8 years? - ANS-Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete
Operations
During Piaget's Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, which occurs last? -
ANS-Tertiary Circular Reactions
In order to achieve ___________, Piaget said children accomplish ____________ and
_____________ as processes included in the larger process of ____________. -
ANS-Equilibrium, assimilation, accommodation, adaptation
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to 1 month - ANS-infants learn to comprehend environment
through inborn reflexes
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ANS-infants start coordinating physical sensations
with new schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 months - ANS-infants repeat rewarding actions - now focused
on things in the environment they can affect
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ANS-infants begin exploring their surroundings
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ANS-children begin experimenting - trial and error
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ANS-- Children begin representing objects and
events with symbols
- begin to understand the world via not only actions but mental operations
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ANS-- 2-6 years old
- symbolic representation
- play pretend/make believe
- intuitive thinking
- "egocentric" cannot adopt another point of view
schema - ANS-mental concepts that represent elements of the environment (category
or class of things)
assimilation - ANS-when we fit something into an existing schema (mental concept)
accomadation - ANS-adapting one's current understanding (schemas) to incorporate
new information
conservation - ANS-the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number
remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Sociocultural Theory - ANS-emphasizes that cognitive dev. is enhanced through social
interactions between members of a culture
, zone of proximal development - ANS-the difference between what children can do with
assistance and what they can do alone
scaffolding - ANS-the support for learning and problem solving that encourages
independence and growth
self-actualization - ANS-the process by which people achieve their full potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANS-1. trust vs. mistrust
2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
3. initiative vs. guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs. role confusion
6. intimacy vs. isolation
7. generativity vs. stagnation
8. integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-birth - 18 months:
infants learn to trust when they are cared for consistently and predictably
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ANS-18 months - 3 years: toddlers learn
independence, become more self-sufficient or doubt their abilities in activities
Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS-Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in
planning, playing and other activities
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child
learns to be productive - build things, discover, figure out how stuff works
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stages occur during early childhood,
i.e., from birth to the age of 8 years? - ANS-Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete
Operations
During Piaget's Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, which occurs last? -
ANS-Tertiary Circular Reactions
In order to achieve ___________, Piaget said children accomplish ____________ and
_____________ as processes included in the larger process of ____________. -
ANS-Equilibrium, assimilation, accommodation, adaptation
