OSAT: Early Childhood
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - ANS-Infants learn to comprehend their
environment through their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ANS-o Roughly bet`ween the ages of
2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ANS-Babies begin to coordinate their physical
sensations with new schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - ANS-Children also repeat rewarding actions, but
now they are focused on things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just
the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ANS-Infants begin further exploring their
surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ANS-Children begin experimenting through
trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ANS-Children begin representing objects and
events with symbols. Begin to understand the world via not only actions, but mental
operations.
Schema - ANS-Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the
environment. A category or class of things.
Assimilation - ANS-When we fit something into an existing schema
Accommodation - ANS-When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing
schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema
,conservation - ANS-o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances
retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their appearance, shape, or
configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - ANS-Believed that all children's mental, language and social
development is supported by and enhanced through social interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - ANS-The difference between what the child can
accomplish independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another
more competent person
Scaffolding - ANS-Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding
should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds on
children's strengths, enabling the children to grow cognitively and become independent
learners.
Self-actualization - ANS-Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANS-Trust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18
months)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are
met consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - ANS-(18 months-3 years) Learn independence and
competence. Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - ANS-• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with
initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness and
accomplishment. Children are learning and want to undertake many adultlike activities.
Exercise control over environments.
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious attitude and
want to be productive. Build things, discover, manipulate objects, and find out how
things work.
Garner's Eight Intelligences - ANS-Visual/Spatial
, Verbal/Linguistic
Mathmatical/Logical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Musical/Rhythmic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalistic
Microsystem - ANS-The environment of parents, family, peers, child care, schools,
neighborhood, religious groups, parks, and so forth
Mesosystem - ANS-Linkages or interactions between microsystems.
exosystem - ANS-Encompasses those events with which children do not have direct
interaction but which nonetheless influence them. Example school board decision,
parent's workplace
macrosystem - ANS-Culture, customs, and values of society in general
chronosystem - ANS-Environment influences over time and the ways they impact
development and behavior
Stages of Growth and Development - ANS-Scribble Stage
Preschematic Stage
Schematic Stage
Drawing Realism Stage
Pseudorealistic Stage
Period of Decision Stage
Scribble Stage - ANS-(2-4 years): Children first make uncontrollable scribbles; then
controlled scribbling; the progress to naming their scribbling to indicate what they
represent
Preschematic Stage - ANS-(4-6 years): Children begin to develop a visual schema.
Children may draw people and houses the same height; use color based off emotions.
Omit or exaggerate facial features. Sizes drawn by importance.
Schematic Stage - ANS-(7-9 years): Drawings more reflect actual physical proportions
and colors
Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month - ANS-Infants learn to comprehend their
environment through their inborn reflexes
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development - ANS-o Roughly bet`ween the ages of
2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months - ANS-Babies begin to coordinate their physical
sensations with new schemas
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months - ANS-Children also repeat rewarding actions, but
now they are focused on things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just
the child's own person.
Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months - ANS-Infants begin further exploring their
surroundings.
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months - ANS-Children begin experimenting through
trial-and-error.
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months - ANS-Children begin representing objects and
events with symbols. Begin to understand the world via not only actions, but mental
operations.
Schema - ANS-Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the
environment. A category or class of things.
Assimilation - ANS-When we fit something into an existing schema
Accommodation - ANS-When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing
schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema
,conservation - ANS-o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances
retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their appearance, shape, or
configuration changes
Sociocultural Theory - ANS-Believed that all children's mental, language and social
development is supported by and enhanced through social interactions
Zone of Proximal Development - ANS-The difference between what the child can
accomplish independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another
more competent person
Scaffolding - ANS-Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding
should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds on
children's strengths, enabling the children to grow cognitively and become independent
learners.
Self-actualization - ANS-Maximizing one's potential
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANS-Trust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18
months)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS-(Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are
met consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs.
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt - ANS-(18 months-3 years) Learn independence and
competence. Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities.
initiative vs guild - ANS-• (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with
initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness and
accomplishment. Children are learning and want to undertake many adultlike activities.
Exercise control over environments.
Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS-(5-8 years)- Children display an industrious attitude and
want to be productive. Build things, discover, manipulate objects, and find out how
things work.
Garner's Eight Intelligences - ANS-Visual/Spatial
, Verbal/Linguistic
Mathmatical/Logical
Bodily/Kinesthetic
Musical/Rhythmic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalistic
Microsystem - ANS-The environment of parents, family, peers, child care, schools,
neighborhood, religious groups, parks, and so forth
Mesosystem - ANS-Linkages or interactions between microsystems.
exosystem - ANS-Encompasses those events with which children do not have direct
interaction but which nonetheless influence them. Example school board decision,
parent's workplace
macrosystem - ANS-Culture, customs, and values of society in general
chronosystem - ANS-Environment influences over time and the ways they impact
development and behavior
Stages of Growth and Development - ANS-Scribble Stage
Preschematic Stage
Schematic Stage
Drawing Realism Stage
Pseudorealistic Stage
Period of Decision Stage
Scribble Stage - ANS-(2-4 years): Children first make uncontrollable scribbles; then
controlled scribbling; the progress to naming their scribbling to indicate what they
represent
Preschematic Stage - ANS-(4-6 years): Children begin to develop a visual schema.
Children may draw people and houses the same height; use color based off emotions.
Omit or exaggerate facial features. Sizes drawn by importance.
Schematic Stage - ANS-(7-9 years): Drawings more reflect actual physical proportions
and colors
