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Environmental Studies an Environmental
And Disaster Management
Introduction to Environment
The term environmental has been defined under section 2(A) of environment protection Act (1986) to
include water, Air and human beings other living creature, plants microorganisms and property.
Definition of environment:- The term environment is used to describe in the aggregate all the
external forces, influence and conditions, which affect the life nature behavior and the growth
development and maturity of living organism.
Type of environment:- the environment may be divided into
•Physical/abiotic environment
•Biotic environment
•Cultural environment
1) Physical Environment
The basis of physical characteristics and state, abiotic or physical environment in subdivided into
Solid (Lithosphere)
Liquid (Hydrosphere)
Gas (Atmosphere)
These environments can be termed as Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere environment which can
be further broken into smaller units based on different spatial scales like:- Mountain environment,
Plateau plain
The physical environment may also be viewed in terms of climate conditions providing contain suite of
habits for biological communities like-Tropical temperature and polar environment etc.
2) Biotic environment
The organism work to form their social groups and organizations at several levels.
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The organizations work to derive matter from the physical environment for their sustenance and
development.
It may be pointed out that of all the organism man is the most skilled and civilization and social
organization is most systematic.
It is significant to note that three aspects of man, physical, social and economic have different
characteristics and function in the Biotic environment
It consists of flora and fauna including man as an important factor.
They decided into-
Floral environment
Faunal environment
Components of environment
The basic components of the environment are atmosphere or the Air, Lithosphere or the or rocks and
soil Hydrosphere or the water and the living components of the environment or the biosphere.
Atmosphere (ATM) the thick gaseous layer surrounding the earth.
It spreads up to 300km above the earth surface.
A part from gases there are water vapor, industrial gases, dust and smoke particular in suspended state
microorganism etc.
Lithosphere:- the core which is around 7000km in diameter and is situated at the earth's center.
The mantle which environs the core and has a thickness of 2900km.
The crust floats on top of the mantle and is composed of basalt rich oceanic crust and granitic rich
continental crust.
Hydrosphere:- the Hydrosphere include all water on or near earth surface and include oceans, lakes,
rivers, clouds, soils, etc.
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Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are
called Pollutions.
Pollution is the intro of contamination into the natural environment that causes adverse change.
In 2020 pollution killed 9million people worldwide.
Many type of pollution like:- Air pollution, Noise Pollution, Plastic Pollution, Soil Pollution, Radioactive
pollution, Water Pollution, Visual Pollution, and Thermal Pollution.
1) Water Pollution:- Water Pollution is the Contamination of water bodies usually as a result of human
activities.
When harmful substances often chemical or microorganism contamination a stream river, Lake, Ocean,
or other body of water degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to human or the environment.
Factors Contributing Water Pollution and their effects:-
Water pollution is caused due to several reasons. Here are the few major cause of water Pollution.
Industrial waste:- Industrial waste contains pollution like asbestos,lead, mercury and petrochemical
which are extremely harmful to bath people and environment.
Industrial waste is discharged into likes and rivers by using flesh water making the water Pollution.
Acid Rain:- Acid rain is pollution of water caused by Air pollution in the atmosphere (ATM) mix with
water vapour it result in acid rain.
Global warming:- There is an increase in water temperature.
The increase in temperature results in death of aquatic plants and animals. This also result in bleaching
of coral reels in water.
Oil Pollution:- Sea water gets pollutied due to oil spilled from ships and tankers while traveling.
The spilled oil does not dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge Pollution the water.
Domestic waste water Pollution:- It mainly caused by sewage.
Sewage is defined as the water borne waste derived includes human excreted, Soaps, organic materials,
detergents, paper and clothes.
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Environmental Studies an Environmental
And Disaster Management
Introduction to Environment
The term environmental has been defined under section 2(A) of environment protection Act (1986) to
include water, Air and human beings other living creature, plants microorganisms and property.
Definition of environment:- The term environment is used to describe in the aggregate all the
external forces, influence and conditions, which affect the life nature behavior and the growth
development and maturity of living organism.
Type of environment:- the environment may be divided into
•Physical/abiotic environment
•Biotic environment
•Cultural environment
1) Physical Environment
The basis of physical characteristics and state, abiotic or physical environment in subdivided into
Solid (Lithosphere)
Liquid (Hydrosphere)
Gas (Atmosphere)
These environments can be termed as Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere environment which can
be further broken into smaller units based on different spatial scales like:- Mountain environment,
Plateau plain
The physical environment may also be viewed in terms of climate conditions providing contain suite of
habits for biological communities like-Tropical temperature and polar environment etc.
2) Biotic environment
The organism work to form their social groups and organizations at several levels.
For Notes Regular Visit our Website: www.noteskarts.com
,Noteskarts
Subscribe & Visit our Website For Notes
The organizations work to derive matter from the physical environment for their sustenance and
development.
It may be pointed out that of all the organism man is the most skilled and civilization and social
organization is most systematic.
It is significant to note that three aspects of man, physical, social and economic have different
characteristics and function in the Biotic environment
It consists of flora and fauna including man as an important factor.
They decided into-
Floral environment
Faunal environment
Components of environment
The basic components of the environment are atmosphere or the Air, Lithosphere or the or rocks and
soil Hydrosphere or the water and the living components of the environment or the biosphere.
Atmosphere (ATM) the thick gaseous layer surrounding the earth.
It spreads up to 300km above the earth surface.
A part from gases there are water vapor, industrial gases, dust and smoke particular in suspended state
microorganism etc.
Lithosphere:- the core which is around 7000km in diameter and is situated at the earth's center.
The mantle which environs the core and has a thickness of 2900km.
The crust floats on top of the mantle and is composed of basalt rich oceanic crust and granitic rich
continental crust.
Hydrosphere:- the Hydrosphere include all water on or near earth surface and include oceans, lakes,
rivers, clouds, soils, etc.
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, Noteskarts
Subscribe & Visit our Website For Notes
Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are
called Pollutions.
Pollution is the intro of contamination into the natural environment that causes adverse change.
In 2020 pollution killed 9million people worldwide.
Many type of pollution like:- Air pollution, Noise Pollution, Plastic Pollution, Soil Pollution, Radioactive
pollution, Water Pollution, Visual Pollution, and Thermal Pollution.
1) Water Pollution:- Water Pollution is the Contamination of water bodies usually as a result of human
activities.
When harmful substances often chemical or microorganism contamination a stream river, Lake, Ocean,
or other body of water degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to human or the environment.
Factors Contributing Water Pollution and their effects:-
Water pollution is caused due to several reasons. Here are the few major cause of water Pollution.
Industrial waste:- Industrial waste contains pollution like asbestos,lead, mercury and petrochemical
which are extremely harmful to bath people and environment.
Industrial waste is discharged into likes and rivers by using flesh water making the water Pollution.
Acid Rain:- Acid rain is pollution of water caused by Air pollution in the atmosphere (ATM) mix with
water vapour it result in acid rain.
Global warming:- There is an increase in water temperature.
The increase in temperature results in death of aquatic plants and animals. This also result in bleaching
of coral reels in water.
Oil Pollution:- Sea water gets pollutied due to oil spilled from ships and tankers while traveling.
The spilled oil does not dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge Pollution the water.
Domestic waste water Pollution:- It mainly caused by sewage.
Sewage is defined as the water borne waste derived includes human excreted, Soaps, organic materials,
detergents, paper and clothes.
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