12/06/2024, 00:45 Computer Science 1033A Final Exam Notes
Computer Science 1033A Final Exam Notes
Lecture 2: Multimedia Overview
Multimedia
- Definition: everything you can hear or see
- Technical definition: describes any application or technology that uses any
combination of; text, images, sound, animation, video
- Types of media: texts, books, pictures, music, sounds, CDs, videos, etc.
- multimedia components: text, images, animation, sound, video
- five senses: mechanisms to communicate with others and our environment
Communications
- effectively communicate a message
- clear, exact, professional, make an impression
Multimedia History
- 1914: silent movies – multiple media using film and text caption
- 1928: Walt Disney debuts Steamboat Willie, Mickey, first cartoon to use
synchronized sound
- 1928- 1931: movies with sound replace silent films
- 1969: Arpanet created (began talking in 1962) – first packet switching
network and the predecessor to the internet
- 1971: first email sent
- 1991: World Wide Web debuts – Tim Berners-Lee
- 1992: HTML debuts
- 1993: Mosiac – first graphical browser
- 1998: Google search engine
- 2000s: computer, memory storage, digital data, MP3 players, iPods,
telephones (2001 – iTunes and iPod, 2005 – YouTube)
- with the future comes legal issues (copyright, rights management, piracy,
intellectual property)
Text
Lecture 3: Introduction to Graphics
Graphics
- visual appeal, professional, layout
- we rely on images for information, explanations, entertainment, visual
appeal
- how does a computer represent numbers and words and images and sound?
- Computers only understand/speak “binary” (digits 0 and 1)
- Converts words/images/sound/movies to binary
- Process of translating a piece of information to binary bits (binary digit)
- Bit will either have a value of 0 or 1
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, 12/06/2024, 00:45 Computer Science 1033A Final Exam Notes
- Computers are build from electronic devices that have only two possible
states, on (high volt=1) and off (low volt=0)
- Electronic signals translate into “bits”
- Conversion from analog to digital (analog=any type of electronic signal)
Numbering Systems
- Binary: 2 binary digits/BITS (0,1)
- Octal: 8 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
- Decimal: 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
- Hexadecimal: 16 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
- How many patterns can be made using the digits 0 and 1?
- 1 bit = max 2 values
- 2 bits = max 4 values
- 3 bits = max 8 values
Image Coding
- every image is broken down into pixels
- if a pixel colour is represented by 1 bit (0=black, 1=white) – 21= 2
- if a pixel colour is represented by 2 bits – 22= 4
- more bits = more colour available to assign a pixel
- formula: (x bits) 2x = y values = number of combinations
- digitizing: converting analog to digital
- conversion is a 2 step process:
1. sampling: how many parts will the image/sound, etc. be broken up into
2. quantizing: how many discrete values will be used to represent each
part of the image/sound
Image Sampling
- when images are taken from scanner, digital camera, graphics application
are stored on computer:
- represented by a grid (column/rows) of squares called pixels (picture
elements)
- pixel is the smallest image component and shows the smallest detail
- pixel gets one colour assigned to it
- trend: the more samples taken, the clearer the picture becomes
Quantizing Images/Texts
- how many discrete value (bits) will be used to represent each pixel
- represents the colour combinations
- each pixel is given a numerical value that represents the corresponding
colour
- if there is 1 bit to represent the colour of each pixel = 2 colours
- 8 bits = 25 colours
- 24 bits = 16 million
- how many bits are needed to represent text?
- 8 bits = 1 byte
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Computer Science 1033A Final Exam Notes
Lecture 2: Multimedia Overview
Multimedia
- Definition: everything you can hear or see
- Technical definition: describes any application or technology that uses any
combination of; text, images, sound, animation, video
- Types of media: texts, books, pictures, music, sounds, CDs, videos, etc.
- multimedia components: text, images, animation, sound, video
- five senses: mechanisms to communicate with others and our environment
Communications
- effectively communicate a message
- clear, exact, professional, make an impression
Multimedia History
- 1914: silent movies – multiple media using film and text caption
- 1928: Walt Disney debuts Steamboat Willie, Mickey, first cartoon to use
synchronized sound
- 1928- 1931: movies with sound replace silent films
- 1969: Arpanet created (began talking in 1962) – first packet switching
network and the predecessor to the internet
- 1971: first email sent
- 1991: World Wide Web debuts – Tim Berners-Lee
- 1992: HTML debuts
- 1993: Mosiac – first graphical browser
- 1998: Google search engine
- 2000s: computer, memory storage, digital data, MP3 players, iPods,
telephones (2001 – iTunes and iPod, 2005 – YouTube)
- with the future comes legal issues (copyright, rights management, piracy,
intellectual property)
Text
Lecture 3: Introduction to Graphics
Graphics
- visual appeal, professional, layout
- we rely on images for information, explanations, entertainment, visual
appeal
- how does a computer represent numbers and words and images and sound?
- Computers only understand/speak “binary” (digits 0 and 1)
- Converts words/images/sound/movies to binary
- Process of translating a piece of information to binary bits (binary digit)
- Bit will either have a value of 0 or 1
about:blank 1/10
, 12/06/2024, 00:45 Computer Science 1033A Final Exam Notes
- Computers are build from electronic devices that have only two possible
states, on (high volt=1) and off (low volt=0)
- Electronic signals translate into “bits”
- Conversion from analog to digital (analog=any type of electronic signal)
Numbering Systems
- Binary: 2 binary digits/BITS (0,1)
- Octal: 8 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
- Decimal: 10 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
- Hexadecimal: 16 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
- How many patterns can be made using the digits 0 and 1?
- 1 bit = max 2 values
- 2 bits = max 4 values
- 3 bits = max 8 values
Image Coding
- every image is broken down into pixels
- if a pixel colour is represented by 1 bit (0=black, 1=white) – 21= 2
- if a pixel colour is represented by 2 bits – 22= 4
- more bits = more colour available to assign a pixel
- formula: (x bits) 2x = y values = number of combinations
- digitizing: converting analog to digital
- conversion is a 2 step process:
1. sampling: how many parts will the image/sound, etc. be broken up into
2. quantizing: how many discrete values will be used to represent each
part of the image/sound
Image Sampling
- when images are taken from scanner, digital camera, graphics application
are stored on computer:
- represented by a grid (column/rows) of squares called pixels (picture
elements)
- pixel is the smallest image component and shows the smallest detail
- pixel gets one colour assigned to it
- trend: the more samples taken, the clearer the picture becomes
Quantizing Images/Texts
- how many discrete value (bits) will be used to represent each pixel
- represents the colour combinations
- each pixel is given a numerical value that represents the corresponding
colour
- if there is 1 bit to represent the colour of each pixel = 2 colours
- 8 bits = 25 colours
- 24 bits = 16 million
- how many bits are needed to represent text?
- 8 bits = 1 byte
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