Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular
| 100% Correct Answers | Verified |
Latest 2024 Version
What is the equation for cardiac output? - ✔✔CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - ✔✔the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - ✔✔how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - ✔✔resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
Example of increased preload - ✔✔CHF
Example of increased afterload - ✔✔hypertension
What is blood pressure? - ✔✔force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - ✔✔amount of pressure generated by the left ventricle to distribute
blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - ✔✔amount of pressure against the arterial walls during RELAXATION
of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - ✔✔2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? - ✔✔no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - ✔✔postural hypotension
, A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an increase in
heart rate - ✔✔orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - ✔✔Check blood pressure in the following order: after laying
supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? - ✔✔fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - ✔✔prolonged bed rest, medications, dehydration, volume
depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - ✔✔general apperance, skin, weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - ✔✔troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids,
homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - ✔✔Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt)
<130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests - ✔✔ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac Catherization
Nursing considerations for cardiac catherization - ✔✔informed consent, patent IV, allergies to iodine or
shellfish, NPO, height, weight, sensations from dye, post procedure care (bed rest 6 hours, leg straight,
assess vitals and pulse frequently)
What is a normal ejection fraction? - ✔✔55-65%
What are the contraindications for cardiac catherization? - ✔✔due to use of dye - renal
failure/insufficiency (cret >1.5) or metformin use in the last 48 hours
Why is a cardiac catherization conducted? - ✔✔blockage in coronary arteries
| 100% Correct Answers | Verified |
Latest 2024 Version
What is the equation for cardiac output? - ✔✔CO = HR x SV
What is preload? - ✔✔the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? - ✔✔how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? - ✔✔resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
Example of increased preload - ✔✔CHF
Example of increased afterload - ✔✔hypertension
What is blood pressure? - ✔✔force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? - ✔✔amount of pressure generated by the left ventricle to distribute
blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? - ✔✔amount of pressure against the arterial walls during RELAXATION
of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? - ✔✔2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? - ✔✔no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? - ✔✔postural hypotension
, A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an increase in
heart rate - ✔✔orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? - ✔✔Check blood pressure in the following order: after laying
supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? - ✔✔fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - ✔✔prolonged bed rest, medications, dehydration, volume
depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment - ✔✔general apperance, skin, weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage - ✔✔troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB, myoglobin, serum lipids,
homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels - ✔✔Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac pt) <70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt)
<130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests - ✔✔ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac Catherization
Nursing considerations for cardiac catherization - ✔✔informed consent, patent IV, allergies to iodine or
shellfish, NPO, height, weight, sensations from dye, post procedure care (bed rest 6 hours, leg straight,
assess vitals and pulse frequently)
What is a normal ejection fraction? - ✔✔55-65%
What are the contraindications for cardiac catherization? - ✔✔due to use of dye - renal
failure/insufficiency (cret >1.5) or metformin use in the last 48 hours
Why is a cardiac catherization conducted? - ✔✔blockage in coronary arteries
