Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
1. What are some symptoms of hypercyanotic spells?: Uncontrollable crying Worsening hypoxia
with cyanosis
Irritability
2. What intervention for hypercyanotic spells?: Knee-chest position
3. What are some clinical manifestations of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?-
: Small infant
Murmur
Palpable thrill
Liver/heart/spleen enlargement
Feeding difficulties Diaphoresis
4. What is some therapeutic management of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?-
: Surgical correction
Pacemaker
Digoxin
Prophylactic antibiotics
5. What are some acyanotic symptoms?: Pink baby with normal O2 saturation Difficulty feeding
Failure to Thrive
Increased RR
Recurrent respiratory infections
Respiratory distress
6. What are some cyanotic symptoms?: Cyanosis of lips (perioral cyanosis) Digits; "dusky
look"
Abnormal oxygen saturations
Tachypnea
Feeding difficulties
Failure to thrive
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
7. What is the main difference of cyanotic and acyontic?: Cyanosis of lips and abnormal O2 sats
with cyanotic
Pink baby with normal O2 saturation with acyanotic
8. What are some similarities of cyanotic and acyontic?: Feeding Difficulties Failure to Thrive
9. What are some clinical manifestations of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): -
Murmur
Respiratory distress with signs of HF Thrill
palpated
Bounding peripheral pulses
Widened pulse pressure
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
Failure to thrive
Fatigue
10. What are some clinical manifestations of Coarctation of the aorta (COA)?-
: Blood pressure is higher in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities Bounding pulses
in arms
Weak/absent femoral pulses Cool
lower extremities
Hypertension causing: HA, Dizzy, Faint, and Epistaxis
11.What are the Four defects of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?: Ventricular Septal Defect
Right Ventricular Outflow obstruction (pulmonic stenosis) Right
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
12. What are some complications of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?-
: If untreated, death within first few months of life (rapid progressive heart failure)
13.What are some manifestations of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?:
Grayish blue infant with hypoxia, dyspnea and hypotension
14.How can Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) be managed?: Emergent PGE1 to maintain
PDA until surgery
Surgical: transplant or Norwood/Fontan repair
15.What does the Norwood procedure do?: Builds a new larger aorta by joining with the
pulmonary artery
Creates a shunt to get blood to the lungs
Will need 2-3 more procedures over next 2 years
16.What are some manifestations of Rheumatic Fever?: Chorea Fever
Carditis
Erythema marginatum
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
Abdominal pain
Polyarthritis or migratory joint pain
Aschoff bodies
17.What is Chorea?: Jerking movements in face, arms, and legs Can last up to 6
months after initial infection
18.What is Erythema marginatum?: Red painless skin lesions that start on the trunk
19.What are Aschoff bodies?: Lesions or nodules found in the heart, blood vessels, brain, and
serous surfaces of the joints and pleura with RF
20.What is the Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever?: 2 or 1 major symptom such as
1. What are some symptoms of hypercyanotic spells?: Uncontrollable crying Worsening hypoxia
with cyanosis
Irritability
2. What intervention for hypercyanotic spells?: Knee-chest position
3. What are some clinical manifestations of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?-
: Small infant
Murmur
Palpable thrill
Liver/heart/spleen enlargement
Feeding difficulties Diaphoresis
4. What is some therapeutic management of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?-
: Surgical correction
Pacemaker
Digoxin
Prophylactic antibiotics
5. What are some acyanotic symptoms?: Pink baby with normal O2 saturation Difficulty feeding
Failure to Thrive
Increased RR
Recurrent respiratory infections
Respiratory distress
6. What are some cyanotic symptoms?: Cyanosis of lips (perioral cyanosis) Digits; "dusky
look"
Abnormal oxygen saturations
Tachypnea
Feeding difficulties
Failure to thrive
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
7. What is the main difference of cyanotic and acyontic?: Cyanosis of lips and abnormal O2 sats
with cyanotic
Pink baby with normal O2 saturation with acyanotic
8. What are some similarities of cyanotic and acyontic?: Feeding Difficulties Failure to Thrive
9. What are some clinical manifestations of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): -
Murmur
Respiratory distress with signs of HF Thrill
palpated
Bounding peripheral pulses
Widened pulse pressure
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
Failure to thrive
Fatigue
10. What are some clinical manifestations of Coarctation of the aorta (COA)?-
: Blood pressure is higher in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities Bounding pulses
in arms
Weak/absent femoral pulses Cool
lower extremities
Hypertension causing: HA, Dizzy, Faint, and Epistaxis
11.What are the Four defects of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)?: Ventricular Septal Defect
Right Ventricular Outflow obstruction (pulmonic stenosis) Right
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
12. What are some complications of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?-
: If untreated, death within first few months of life (rapid progressive heart failure)
13.What are some manifestations of Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)?:
Grayish blue infant with hypoxia, dyspnea and hypotension
14.How can Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) be managed?: Emergent PGE1 to maintain
PDA until surgery
Surgical: transplant or Norwood/Fontan repair
15.What does the Norwood procedure do?: Builds a new larger aorta by joining with the
pulmonary artery
Creates a shunt to get blood to the lungs
Will need 2-3 more procedures over next 2 years
16.What are some manifestations of Rheumatic Fever?: Chorea Fever
Carditis
Erythema marginatum
, Pediatrics Final Exam REVIEW| 2024
Abdominal pain
Polyarthritis or migratory joint pain
Aschoff bodies
17.What is Chorea?: Jerking movements in face, arms, and legs Can last up to 6
months after initial infection
18.What is Erythema marginatum?: Red painless skin lesions that start on the trunk
19.What are Aschoff bodies?: Lesions or nodules found in the heart, blood vessels, brain, and
serous surfaces of the joints and pleura with RF
20.What is the Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever?: 2 or 1 major symptom such as
