WGU D115 patho-Unit 6 renal and urologic
systems Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct
Autoregulation of renal blood flow - ANSWER-prevents large changes in GFR
when there are increases/decreases in BP; regulated neural and hormonal
regulation
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - ANSWER--decreased blood pressure
causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which converts
angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into
angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin
release
glomerular filtration - ANSWER-the movement of fluid and dilutes across
glomerular capillary membrane into the Bowman space
tubular reabsorption - ANSWER-Movement of fluids and solutes from tubular
lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma
tubular secretion - ANSWER-Transfer of substances from the plasma of the
peritubular to the tubular lumen, active and passive transport
Excretion - ANSWER-Elimination of a substance in the final urine
, Aging and Renal System - ANSWER-Decrease: size of kidney, renal blood flow,
GFR, number and size of nephrons
Increase: glucose in urine, urgency, frequency, nocturia
Kidneys are less able to adapt to system changes
Creatinine - ANSWER-Substance produced by muscle, is measured in plasma
and urine to calculate a commonly used clinical estimate of GFR
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER-blood test that measures the amount of
urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function.
BUN is also an indicator of hydration status
Common causes of urinary tract obstruction - ANSWER-Stones, strictures,
congenital compression, tumors, and abdominal inflammation
neurogenic bladder - ANSWER-a urinary problem caused by interference with
the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
obstructive uropathy - ANSWER-anatomic changes in the urinary system caused
by obstruction
Types of obstructive uropathy - ANSWER-Upper urinary: kidney stones,
tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Lower urinary tract: neurogenic bladder, overactive/underactive bladder
Anatomic: urethral stricture, prostate enlargement, pelvic organ prolapse, partial
obstruction of urethra
Tumors
Highest risk for UTI - ANSWER-Premature newborns, prepubertal children,
sexually active/pregnant women, women treated with antibiotics that disrupt
normal vaginal flora, spermicide users, estrogen-deficient post menopausal
women, individuals with indwelling catheters, DM, neurogenic bladder, urinary
tract obstruction
CAUTI - ANSWER-catheter associated urinary tract infection
systems Questions and Verified
Answers|100% Correct
Autoregulation of renal blood flow - ANSWER-prevents large changes in GFR
when there are increases/decreases in BP; regulated neural and hormonal
regulation
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - ANSWER--decreased blood pressure
causes the juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys to secrete renin which converts
angiotensinogen (inactive) to angiotensin I (active) which is then converted into
angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
-Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
- leads to absorption of Na and increased blood pressure
-once blood pressure is restored, there is a decreased drive to stimulate renin
release
glomerular filtration - ANSWER-the movement of fluid and dilutes across
glomerular capillary membrane into the Bowman space
tubular reabsorption - ANSWER-Movement of fluids and solutes from tubular
lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma
tubular secretion - ANSWER-Transfer of substances from the plasma of the
peritubular to the tubular lumen, active and passive transport
Excretion - ANSWER-Elimination of a substance in the final urine
, Aging and Renal System - ANSWER-Decrease: size of kidney, renal blood flow,
GFR, number and size of nephrons
Increase: glucose in urine, urgency, frequency, nocturia
Kidneys are less able to adapt to system changes
Creatinine - ANSWER-Substance produced by muscle, is measured in plasma
and urine to calculate a commonly used clinical estimate of GFR
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - ANSWER-blood test that measures the amount of
urea in the blood. An increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function.
BUN is also an indicator of hydration status
Common causes of urinary tract obstruction - ANSWER-Stones, strictures,
congenital compression, tumors, and abdominal inflammation
neurogenic bladder - ANSWER-a urinary problem caused by interference with
the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
obstructive uropathy - ANSWER-anatomic changes in the urinary system caused
by obstruction
Types of obstructive uropathy - ANSWER-Upper urinary: kidney stones,
tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Lower urinary tract: neurogenic bladder, overactive/underactive bladder
Anatomic: urethral stricture, prostate enlargement, pelvic organ prolapse, partial
obstruction of urethra
Tumors
Highest risk for UTI - ANSWER-Premature newborns, prepubertal children,
sexually active/pregnant women, women treated with antibiotics that disrupt
normal vaginal flora, spermicide users, estrogen-deficient post menopausal
women, individuals with indwelling catheters, DM, neurogenic bladder, urinary
tract obstruction
CAUTI - ANSWER-catheter associated urinary tract infection
