patho PA and course quizzes Questions
and Verified Answers|100% Correct
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is consulting with a teen patient
who has recently learned that she is
pregnant. The APRN knows that a certain medication taken by the patient can
contribute to the development of
congenital malformations in the fetus. The APRN reviews the patient's current
medication list and finds one
medication that is a concern.
Which medication is the APRN concerned about?
Retinoic acid
Clindamycin
Benzoyl peroxide
Bisphenol A - ANSWER-Retinoic acid
A newborn's screening for cystic fibrosis is positive. An advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN) is reviewing
screening results and taking a comprehensive genetic screening of the parents.
The APRN asks the parents
questions to help determine the transmission of this disease.
Which question should the APRN ask?
"Do any of your siblings have cystic fibrosis?"
"Do you wish to have maternal genetic testing done?"
"Are either of you showing symptoms of cystic fibrosis?"
"Are you both the genetic donor parents?" - ANSWER-"Are you both the genetic
donor parents?"
A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever
of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further evaluation with a workup to include a
blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
,Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
High levels of mannose-binding lectin
Relative deficiency of factor B
Excess collectin and collectin-like protein
Dysfunctional chemotactic factor response - ANSWER-Relative deficiency of
factor B
A 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and
lower lip swelling. The patient's
parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over several days.
The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show hyperactivation of
three plasma protein systems. The
APRN suspects hereditary angioedema.
What is the cause of the genetic defect suspected in this situation?
Plasminogen
Hageman factor
Bradykinin
C1 esterase inhibitor - ANSWER-C1 esterase inhibitor
The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses concerns about
the child's recurrent respiratory
tract infections to an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). The infections
have occurred regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction.
Short stature causes poor lung development. - ANSWER-Gastroesophageal
reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) in a primary care clinic for the
first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a major life change.
Additional symptoms include weight
gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient
with several exercises to reduce the
,physiological effect of stress.
Why is the APRN concerned about relieving this emotional response?
It increases protein synthesis.
It increases smooth muscle contraction.
It decreases glucose uptake. - ANSWER-It decreases glucose uptake.
An 80-year-old patient brings her grandchildren with her to a routine medical
appointment. The patient has
moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is concerned
about developing pneumonia because of
its increased incidence at the senior center.
What should the nurse practitioner recommend for this patient?
Avoiding her grandchildren this winter
Increasing inhaler use to four times daily
Undergoing prophylactic anticoagulation
Getting an annual influenza vaccine - ANSWER-Getting an annual influenza
vaccine
An advanced practice nurse (APRN) is working with a patient who is choosing to
undergo breast removal due to
family history of breast cancer. The patient's genetic testing revealed an
abnormal BRCA1. The patient shares with
the APRN that she is relieved that she will not need to worry about cancer once
the breast tissue is removed. The
APRN proceeds to educate the patient about additional risks.
Which other type of cancer is the patient at risk for developing?
Liver
Bladder
Ovarian
Brain - ANSWER-Ovarian
A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle
weaknesses, impaired gait, and fatigue
lasting more than 24 hours. The patient has a history of smoking and vitamin D
deficiency. Extensive diagnostic
testing and a comprehensive neurological assessment reveals a diagnosis of
multiple sclerosis.
, Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction of
the peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor
neurons - ANSWER-A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve
conduction
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The
child is constantly crying and
rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a
complete ophthalmologic examination
and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of
retinoblastoma is confirmed.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the
brain
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses -
ANSWER-Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic
proliferation of cells
A patient is seen by an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) at a primary
care clinic for follow-up to discuss
abnormal results of testing for peripheral nervous system impairment.
Which diagnosis should the APRN suspect?
Autonomic hyperreflexia
Diffuse axonal injury
Spinal cord injury
Demyelinating polyneuropathy - ANSWER-Demyelinating polyneuropathy
A patient is seen in the clinic after being a restrained passenger in a car accident
the previous week. The patient continues to have intermittent headaches and has
noticed periods of forgetfulness. Assessment findings include a
and Verified Answers|100% Correct
An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) is consulting with a teen patient
who has recently learned that she is
pregnant. The APRN knows that a certain medication taken by the patient can
contribute to the development of
congenital malformations in the fetus. The APRN reviews the patient's current
medication list and finds one
medication that is a concern.
Which medication is the APRN concerned about?
Retinoic acid
Clindamycin
Benzoyl peroxide
Bisphenol A - ANSWER-Retinoic acid
A newborn's screening for cystic fibrosis is positive. An advanced practice
registered nurse (APRN) is reviewing
screening results and taking a comprehensive genetic screening of the parents.
The APRN asks the parents
questions to help determine the transmission of this disease.
Which question should the APRN ask?
"Do any of your siblings have cystic fibrosis?"
"Do you wish to have maternal genetic testing done?"
"Are either of you showing symptoms of cystic fibrosis?"
"Are you both the genetic donor parents?" - ANSWER-"Are you both the genetic
donor parents?"
A 30-day-old infant presents to the emergency room with decreased oral intake,
decreased urine output, and a fever
of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further evaluation with a workup to include a
blood culture, a urine culture, a
spinal tap, and a chest X-ray.
,Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern?
High levels of mannose-binding lectin
Relative deficiency of factor B
Excess collectin and collectin-like protein
Dysfunctional chemotactic factor response - ANSWER-Relative deficiency of
factor B
A 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and
lower lip swelling. The patient's
parent reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over several days.
The patient does not have
complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show hyperactivation of
three plasma protein systems. The
APRN suspects hereditary angioedema.
What is the cause of the genetic defect suspected in this situation?
Plasminogen
Hageman factor
Bradykinin
C1 esterase inhibitor - ANSWER-C1 esterase inhibitor
The parent of a child diagnosed with Down syndrome expresses concerns about
the child's recurrent respiratory
tract infections to an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). The infections
have occurred regularly since birth.
What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness?
Hyperthyroidism causes an increased risk of infection.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
Hypertonia causes airway restriction.
Short stature causes poor lung development. - ANSWER-Gastroesophageal
reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids.
A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an advanced practice registered nurse
(APRN) in a primary care clinic for the
first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a major life change.
Additional symptoms include weight
gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient
with several exercises to reduce the
,physiological effect of stress.
Why is the APRN concerned about relieving this emotional response?
It increases protein synthesis.
It increases smooth muscle contraction.
It decreases glucose uptake. - ANSWER-It decreases glucose uptake.
An 80-year-old patient brings her grandchildren with her to a routine medical
appointment. The patient has
moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is concerned
about developing pneumonia because of
its increased incidence at the senior center.
What should the nurse practitioner recommend for this patient?
Avoiding her grandchildren this winter
Increasing inhaler use to four times daily
Undergoing prophylactic anticoagulation
Getting an annual influenza vaccine - ANSWER-Getting an annual influenza
vaccine
An advanced practice nurse (APRN) is working with a patient who is choosing to
undergo breast removal due to
family history of breast cancer. The patient's genetic testing revealed an
abnormal BRCA1. The patient shares with
the APRN that she is relieved that she will not need to worry about cancer once
the breast tissue is removed. The
APRN proceeds to educate the patient about additional risks.
Which other type of cancer is the patient at risk for developing?
Liver
Bladder
Ovarian
Brain - ANSWER-Ovarian
A patient presents to the hospital complaining of blurred vision, muscle
weaknesses, impaired gait, and fatigue
lasting more than 24 hours. The patient has a history of smoking and vitamin D
deficiency. Extensive diagnostic
testing and a comprehensive neurological assessment reveals a diagnosis of
multiple sclerosis.
, Which pathological mechanism will support this diagnosis?
A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve conduction
Demyelination caused by antibody and cell-mediated immunologic reaction of
the peripheral nerves
A defect in nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction
Degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and the upper and lower motor
neurons - ANSWER-A loss of myelin sheaths, causing a disruption of nerve
conduction
A child presents to a clinic with a white pupillary reflex noted in the right eye. The
child is constantly crying and
rubbing her eyes. An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) performs a
complete ophthalmologic examination
and orders several diagnostic tests. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of
retinoblastoma is confirmed.
What is the pathological mechanism of this disorder?
Autosomal dominant linked to genes results in mutations on chromosome 21
Deficiency of hexosaminidase causes accumulation enzymes that damage the
brain
Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic proliferation of
cells
Invasion of astrocytomas of the brain structure destroys normal defenses -
ANSWER-Mutations of a gene on chromosome 13q14 lead to neoplastic
proliferation of cells
A patient is seen by an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) at a primary
care clinic for follow-up to discuss
abnormal results of testing for peripheral nervous system impairment.
Which diagnosis should the APRN suspect?
Autonomic hyperreflexia
Diffuse axonal injury
Spinal cord injury
Demyelinating polyneuropathy - ANSWER-Demyelinating polyneuropathy
A patient is seen in the clinic after being a restrained passenger in a car accident
the previous week. The patient continues to have intermittent headaches and has
noticed periods of forgetfulness. Assessment findings include a
