BIO 181 Exam 3
Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the
Bowman's capsule. (T/F)
True
The kidney controls the water balance in the body. (T/F)
True
The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the
concentration of urea in the urine. (T/F)
True
The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds (T/F)
True
Urine leaves our body through the urethra. (T/F)
True
Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's
capsule.
True
The Bowman's capsule is the beginning of the nephron.
True
Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
True
Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus
False
The kidney filters about 180 L of blood per day
True
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
True
The Bowman's capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted
tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.
True
The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.
False
Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman's capsule and afferent arterioles leave the
Bowman' s capsule.
False
Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.
Dilation of afferent renal arterioles when blood pressure drops.
What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?
, The kidneys release an enzyme called renin, which activates a circulating hormone
called angiotensin:–It causes the efferent renal arterioles to constrict, increasing blood
pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
–It causes all peripheral blood vessels to constrict.
–It stimulates the adrenal cortex to release the hormone aldosterone, which stimulates
greater sodium resorption by the kidney. This increases water retention and circulatory
plasma volume. If the measure fail: Nephron will not be able to filter the blood and will
lead to kidney failure.
The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the
_______________ _______________.
Ureter, urinary bladder
In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into
the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.
True
Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries (T/F)
False
In mammals ventilation is tidal (T/F)
True
In the capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the
cells (T/F)
True
Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds
oxygen.
Hemoglobin
There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by ___________
Myoglobin
The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the
excretory system because it contains water in the urine (T/F)
False
Draw a cross-section of an artery or arteriole and label the layers
When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure.
Explain
When arterial blood pressure falls it causes a decrease in action potentials sent to the
cardio regulatory center of the medulla. To raise blood pressure, the body will first cause
an increase in sympathetic nerve activity, causing it to fire more frequently, which
Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the
Bowman's capsule. (T/F)
True
The kidney controls the water balance in the body. (T/F)
True
The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the
concentration of urea in the urine. (T/F)
True
The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds (T/F)
True
Urine leaves our body through the urethra. (T/F)
True
Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's
capsule.
True
The Bowman's capsule is the beginning of the nephron.
True
Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
True
Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus
False
The kidney filters about 180 L of blood per day
True
The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
True
The Bowman's capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted
tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.
True
The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.
False
Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman's capsule and afferent arterioles leave the
Bowman' s capsule.
False
Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.
Dilation of afferent renal arterioles when blood pressure drops.
What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?
, The kidneys release an enzyme called renin, which activates a circulating hormone
called angiotensin:–It causes the efferent renal arterioles to constrict, increasing blood
pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
–It causes all peripheral blood vessels to constrict.
–It stimulates the adrenal cortex to release the hormone aldosterone, which stimulates
greater sodium resorption by the kidney. This increases water retention and circulatory
plasma volume. If the measure fail: Nephron will not be able to filter the blood and will
lead to kidney failure.
The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the
_______________ _______________.
Ureter, urinary bladder
In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into
the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.
True
Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries (T/F)
False
In mammals ventilation is tidal (T/F)
True
In the capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the
cells (T/F)
True
Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds
oxygen.
Hemoglobin
There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by ___________
Myoglobin
The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the
excretory system because it contains water in the urine (T/F)
False
Draw a cross-section of an artery or arteriole and label the layers
When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure.
Explain
When arterial blood pressure falls it causes a decrease in action potentials sent to the
cardio regulatory center of the medulla. To raise blood pressure, the body will first cause
an increase in sympathetic nerve activity, causing it to fire more frequently, which
