| Exam Review 1
Why do pregnant women get anemia? *** due to the dilution effect - RBC rises 30%,
but body volume rises 50%
what are the degrees of vaginal laceration? *** First degree: skin
Second Decree: muscle
third degree: anus
Fourth Degree: rectum
What is vernix? *** Cheesy baby skin. (Protects the baby's skin from the outside world
and helps with passage through the birth canal)
What is meconium? *** First stool of baby
What is lochia? *** Endometrial Slough. Normal discharge and uterus after birth.
What is normal blood loss during a vaginal delivery? *** 500ml
What is normal blood loss during a C-section? *** 1 L
How do you treat A1 gestational diabetes? *** Diet/exercise
Insulin
What are identical twins? *** Eggs split into perfect halves "monochorionic"
What are fraternal twins? *** Multiple eggs fertilized by different sperm
What is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome? *** Weight gain and enlarged ovaries
after clomiphene is used for infertility
Who makes the trophoblast? *** Baby
Who makes the Cytotrophoblast? *** Mom production of GnRH, CRH, TRH, and
Inhibin
Who makes the Syncytiotrophoblast? *** Mom and baby production of HCG and HPL
When does implantation occur? *** One week after fertilization
When is beta HCG found in urine? *** 10 to 14 days after fertilization
When beta HCG found in blood? *** 8 to 10 days after fertilization
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, What makes progesterone in > 10 to 12 weeks gestation *** Placenta
What is the function of beta HCG? *** Maintains corpus luteum
Sensitizes TSH receptors to make body thyroid more active ( to raise BMR)
Basal metabolic rate
What makes beta HCG? *** placenta
How fast should beta HCG rise? *** Should double every two days until 10 weeks,
stops when placenta is fully-formed
What is the function of Alpha fetoprotein? *** Regulates fetal intravascular volume
Tells me about wall defects neural tube and omphalocele and gastroschisis
What is the function of human placental lactogen (HPL)? *** Blocks insulin receptors
so baby can get glucose
What is the function of inhibin? *** Inhibits FSH so there's no menstruation
What is the function of cortisol in pregnancy? *** Prevents immune rejection of baby
and for lung maturation
What is the function of oxytocin? *** Milk & baby ejection
What is the thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy? *** Increased TBG (thyroid
binding globulin)
-leads to increased total T4 - bound and free
When can you first detect fetal heart tones? *** Week 20
When can you tell the sex of the baby by ultrasound? *** Week 16
What does an AFI a less than 5 indicate? *** Oligohydramnios- cord compression
What does an AFI of greater than 20 indicate? *** Polyhydramnios- DM
How fast should fundal height change? *** Uterus grows one centimeter per week
What is the pool test? *** Amniotic fluid in the vagina- membranes have ruptured
What is ferning? *** Estrogen crystallizes on a slide- amniotic fluid
Membranes have ruptured
What is nitrazine? *** Detects presents of amniotic fluid.
Membranes have ruptured.
PH indicator- triple turn blue if pH is greater than 6.0
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