IBCLC Exam
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - ANS-Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk.
% of breastmilk that is fat - ANS-Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
% of breastmilk that is protein - ANS-Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 272.
% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - ANS-Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
% of calories in breastmilk from fat - ANS-Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 124.
% of calories in breastmilk from protein - ANS-Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 272.
Acinus - ANS-Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are lined with
secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
Acrocyanosis - ANS-Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn;
peripheral cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Active immunity - ANS-Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by one's own
immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 868.
Active transport - ANS-Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components in
breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
,Acyclovir/Zovirax - ANS-Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Aerobic bacteria - ANS-Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The breast is
colonized with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
AGA - ANS-Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between the 10th
and 90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 671.
Alcohol and breastfeeding - ANS-Alcohol can decrease milk supply. Breastfeeding must
be interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 171 &
188.
Aldomet/Methyldopa - ANS-Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat hypertension
during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
Allergen - ANS-A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods, drugs,
inhalants. Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Αlphalactalbumin - ANS-A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in
processing lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolar ridge - ANS-The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's teeth will
grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolus, alveoli - ANS-Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by
myoepithelial cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 80.
Amenorrhea - ANS-A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a mother is
exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
,Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 707
&865.
Amoxicillin - ANS-Antibiotic, L2. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Ampicillin - ANS-Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Anaphylaxis - ANS-Hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting from
sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anaphylaxis.
Anchor scar - ANS-Surgical technique for breast reduction, slang.
Ankyglossia - ANS-A tongue tie. Characterized by a thick, short, or tight frenulum under
the tongue. Can cause breastfeeding issues, such as a painful latch or inefficient milk
transfer.
Anterior pituitary - ANS-This gland releases prolactin into the blood effecting milk
production and ejection. It is susceptible to stress.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 91.
Anthrax - ANS-Infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus
anthrax), characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions in the lungs.
Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anthrax.
Antibody - ANS-Immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen, including bacteria
and viruses. Antibodies attack those bacteria or viruses helping the body resist
infection.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Antigen - ANS-Substance that stimulates antibody production. May be dust, food, or
bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Apgar score - ANS-Index to evaluate the condition of a newborn infant based on a
rating of 0, 1, or 2 for color, heart rate, reflex response, muscle tone, and respiration
with 10 being a perfect score.
, Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
www.merriam-webster.com/medical/apgar%20score.
Apocrine gland - ANS-Sweat glands located on the areola that secrete a scent.
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 197-198.
Apoptosis - ANS-Programmed normal cell death.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Applied research - ANS-Research that focuses on solving or finding an answer to a
clinical or practical problem.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Areola - ANS-The darker pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple. Contains sebaceous
glands (Montgomery Glands)
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Aspirin - ANS-Salicylate analgesic, L3. Use associated with Reye's Syndrome in infants.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 87.
Atopic eczema - ANS-Inherited allergic tendency to skin rashes or inflammation.
Exclusively breastfed infants are less likely to develop as cow's milk protein is a
common allergen.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Autocrine control - ANS-The point in lactation when milk supply is controlled by milk
removal. Local control in the breast.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 92.
Autonomy - ANS-The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced
decision.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy#Medicine.
Average - ANS-The middle value of a data set. Add all the numbers and divided by the
amount of numbers in the set.
Wikipedia. Available online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average.
Axilla - ANS-Underarm. Breast tissue (the axillary tail) can sometimes extend into axilla.
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - ANS-Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk.
% of breastmilk that is fat - ANS-Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
% of breastmilk that is protein - ANS-Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 272.
% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - ANS-Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
% of calories in breastmilk from fat - ANS-Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 124.
% of calories in breastmilk from protein - ANS-Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 272.
Acinus - ANS-Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are lined with
secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
Acrocyanosis - ANS-Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn;
peripheral cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Active immunity - ANS-Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by one's own
immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 868.
Active transport - ANS-Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components in
breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
,Acyclovir/Zovirax - ANS-Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Aerobic bacteria - ANS-Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The breast is
colonized with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
AGA - ANS-Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between the 10th
and 90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 671.
Alcohol and breastfeeding - ANS-Alcohol can decrease milk supply. Breastfeeding must
be interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 171 &
188.
Aldomet/Methyldopa - ANS-Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat hypertension
during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
Allergen - ANS-A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods, drugs,
inhalants. Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Αlphalactalbumin - ANS-A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in
processing lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolar ridge - ANS-The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's teeth will
grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Alveolus, alveoli - ANS-Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by
myoepithelial cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 80.
Amenorrhea - ANS-A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a mother is
exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
,Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 707
&865.
Amoxicillin - ANS-Antibiotic, L2. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Ampicillin - ANS-Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora, compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 177.
Anaphylaxis - ANS-Hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting from
sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anaphylaxis.
Anchor scar - ANS-Surgical technique for breast reduction, slang.
Ankyglossia - ANS-A tongue tie. Characterized by a thick, short, or tight frenulum under
the tongue. Can cause breastfeeding issues, such as a painful latch or inefficient milk
transfer.
Anterior pituitary - ANS-This gland releases prolactin into the blood effecting milk
production and ejection. It is susceptible to stress.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 91.
Anthrax - ANS-Infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus
anthrax), characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions in the lungs.
Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary. www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anthrax.
Antibody - ANS-Immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen, including bacteria
and viruses. Antibodies attack those bacteria or viruses helping the body resist
infection.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Antigen - ANS-Substance that stimulates antibody production. May be dust, food, or
bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Apgar score - ANS-Index to evaluate the condition of a newborn infant based on a
rating of 0, 1, or 2 for color, heart rate, reflex response, muscle tone, and respiration
with 10 being a perfect score.
, Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
www.merriam-webster.com/medical/apgar%20score.
Apocrine gland - ANS-Sweat glands located on the areola that secrete a scent.
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant Practice
(2nd ed.), page 197-198.
Apoptosis - ANS-Programmed normal cell death.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Applied research - ANS-Research that focuses on solving or finding an answer to a
clinical or practical problem.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Areola - ANS-The darker pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple. Contains sebaceous
glands (Montgomery Glands)
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Aspirin - ANS-Salicylate analgesic, L3. Use associated with Reye's Syndrome in infants.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 87.
Atopic eczema - ANS-Inherited allergic tendency to skin rashes or inflammation.
Exclusively breastfed infants are less likely to develop as cow's milk protein is a
common allergen.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 863.
Autocrine control - ANS-The point in lactation when milk supply is controlled by milk
removal. Local control in the breast.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.), page 92.
Autonomy - ANS-The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced
decision.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy#Medicine.
Average - ANS-The middle value of a data set. Add all the numbers and divided by the
amount of numbers in the set.
Wikipedia. Available online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average.
Axilla - ANS-Underarm. Breast tissue (the axillary tail) can sometimes extend into axilla.
