NSG 6430 Exam Questions with Verified Answers

How does nutrition effect bone mass? - Adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D is important for optimal accrual of bone mass. It appears that calcium intakes of between 1,200 and 1,800 mg per day result in maximal calcium absorption for children between 9 and 18 years of age. How does exercise effect bone mass? - Weight-bearing physical activity during pre- and early puberty has been shown to improve bone strength, but results have been less promising for the effects of exercise on postmenarcheal girls. How does hormonal control effect bone mass? - The skeletal structure also undergoes epiphyseal maturation under the influence of estradiol and testosterone, as reviewed above What are the phases of adolescence? - (1) early adolescence: approximate ages 10 to 13, or middle school years; (2) Middle adolescence: approximate ages 14 to 17, or high school years; (3) Late adolescence: approximate ages 17 to 21, or college or 4 years of work after high school. How is bone age determined? - determined by comparing a radiograph of an adolescent's hand, wrist, or knee to standards of maturation in a normal population Is intractable and major conflict between parents and their adolescent children a "normal" part of adolescence? - No Tasks that characterize the development of adolescents - (1) achieving independence from parents; (2) Adopting peer codes and lifestyles; (3) Assigning increased importance to body image and accepting one's body image; and (4) Establishing sexual, ego, vocational, and moral identities. Common events of independence-dependence in early adolescence (approximate ages 10-13) - (1) less interest in parental activities and more reluctance to accept parental advice or criticism, occasional rudeness, more realization that the parent is not perfect (2) An emotional void created by separation from parents and without the presence of an alternative support group can often create behavioral problems (e.g., a decline in school performance); (3) Emotional lability; (4) Increased ability for self-expression through speech; (5) Search for new people to love in addition to parents.