Immunology Final Exam Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
2024 | Verified
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NK cells?
a. Possess cytoplasmic granules containing perforin and granzymes.
b. NK cells are involved in the early response to infection with certain viruses and intracellular bacteria
and can kill tumor cells.
c. NK cells are lymphoid cells.
d. Similar to T and B cells, activated NK cells proliferate and differentiate into separate effector cells in
order to function.
e. Make up 10-15% of human peripheral blood cells. - ✔✔d. Similar to T and B cells, activated NK cells
proliferate and differentiate into separate effector cells in order to function.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NK cells and various cytokines?
a. NK cells produced TNF can mediate cytotoxicity.
b. NK cell produced IFN-gamma enhances Th2 cell development.
c. Resting NK cells don't usually acquire significant cytolytic competence until they are primed through
exposure to cytokines.
d. NK activity is stimulated IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, & IL-12.
e. NK cells produce IFN-gamma upon activation which can influence the innate immunity by activation of
macrophages. - ✔✔b. NK cell produced IFN-gamma enhances Th2 cell development.
Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about NK cells and their receptors?
a. NK cells recognize abnormal cells based on "missing self" model.
b. NK cells display both inhibitory & activating receptors on their surface and recognize abnormal cells
based on the "opposing signals" model.
c. NK cells recognize the presence of MHC class I on the surface of target cells and this recognition
provides them an activating signal to kill MHC class I positive target cells.
d. The opposing functions of activating & inhibitory receptors can be attributed to differences in their
intracellular domains.
,e. Intensity of NK cell response is determined by how many inhibitory versus activating receptors are
engaged and affinity of those receptors to their ligands. - ✔✔c. NK cells recognize the presence of MHC
class I on the surface of target cells and this recognition provides them an activating signal to kill MHC
class I positive target cells.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about yd-T cells?
a. yd-TCRs lack the fine antigenic specificity of ab-TCRs and are often broadly cross reactive.
b. yd-T cells absolutely require involvement of MHC or processing and presentation of peptide antigens
by antigen presenting cells.
c. Can recognize both protein and lipid antigens/ligands in soluble or surface bound forms.
d. yd-TCRs interact with ligands in a way similar to ligand recognition by pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs).
e. Respond to cellular stress and heat shock proteins. - ✔✔b. yd-T cells absolutely require involvement of
MHC or processing and presentation of peptide antigens by antigen presenting cells.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about yd-T cells, their location, and effector functions?
a. yd-CTLs can mediate target cell cytolysis by Fas-mediated cytotoxicity, release of perforin, and
granzymes or cytotoxic cytokines.
b. Some yd-T cells can be activated with phosphorylated metabolites without CD28 or CD40-mediated
costimulation.
c. Unlike ab-T cells, yd-T cells resident in a particular tissue express a dominant or "canonical" TCR
containing specific V gene segments.
d. Activated yd-T cells can induce neighboring epithelial cells to produce the antimicrobial compound
nitric oxide.
e. They are present in very high numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and are almost absent in skin,
intestinal epithelium, & pulmonary epithelium. - ✔✔e. They are present in very high numbers in
secondary lymphoid organs and are almost absent in skin, intestinal epithelium, & pulmonary
epithelium.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NKT cells?
a. NKT cells are considered part of the adaptive immunity; however, they also exhibit characteristics of
cells in the innate immune system.
b. NKT cells recognize glycolipid or lipids presented on non-polymorphic CD1d molecules.
, c. NKT cells are important players in the very first line of defense against some bacterial and viral
infections.
d. NKT cells are not T cells lineage cells.
e. In some cases, despite the engagement of its TCR by the host glycolipid-CD1d complex, NKT cells may
not be activated unless its IL-12/IL-18 or IFNa/b receptors are engaged. - ✔✔d. NKT cells are not T cells
lineage cells.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NKT cell receptors, activation, & effector functions?
a. Many cytokines produced by NKT cells have significant effects on ab-T cell differentiation and
functions.
b. NKT cells can immediately carry out their effector functions without the need for differentiation.
c. NKT cells have TCR complexes on their surface which contain invariant alpha chain but beta chain is
diversified.
d. The most important in vivo effector function of activated NKT cells is cytokine and chemokine
production.
e. Intracellular signaling in NKT cells is not conveyed by CD3 complex. - ✔✔e. Intracellular signaling in
NKT cells is not conveyed by CD3 complex.
How does an antigen that enters first time through a mucosal route activate the systemic immune
response?
a. APCs from mucosal tissues carry the antigen to thymus, effector B & T cells are activated in the thymus
and mount a systemic immune response.
b. When APCs from mucosal surface carry the antigen to a local draining lymph node, naive B & T cells
are activated in the thymus and mount a systemic immune response.
c. When APCs carry the antigen through the lymphatics & into the blood circulation, naive B & T cells at
distant mucosal sites are activated and mount a systemic immune response.
d. Antigen, when enters through mucosal surfaces, can't mount systemic immune response.
e. None of the above is true. - ✔✔a. APCs from mucosal tissues carry the antigen to thymus, effector B &
T cells are activated in the thymus and mount a systemic immune response.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and its components?
a. Enterocytes don't express TLRs, NLRs, & RLRs and thus don't play a role in innate immunity to
pathogens.
100% Correct Answers | Latest Version
2024 | Verified
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NK cells?
a. Possess cytoplasmic granules containing perforin and granzymes.
b. NK cells are involved in the early response to infection with certain viruses and intracellular bacteria
and can kill tumor cells.
c. NK cells are lymphoid cells.
d. Similar to T and B cells, activated NK cells proliferate and differentiate into separate effector cells in
order to function.
e. Make up 10-15% of human peripheral blood cells. - ✔✔d. Similar to T and B cells, activated NK cells
proliferate and differentiate into separate effector cells in order to function.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NK cells and various cytokines?
a. NK cells produced TNF can mediate cytotoxicity.
b. NK cell produced IFN-gamma enhances Th2 cell development.
c. Resting NK cells don't usually acquire significant cytolytic competence until they are primed through
exposure to cytokines.
d. NK activity is stimulated IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, & IL-12.
e. NK cells produce IFN-gamma upon activation which can influence the innate immunity by activation of
macrophages. - ✔✔b. NK cell produced IFN-gamma enhances Th2 cell development.
Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about NK cells and their receptors?
a. NK cells recognize abnormal cells based on "missing self" model.
b. NK cells display both inhibitory & activating receptors on their surface and recognize abnormal cells
based on the "opposing signals" model.
c. NK cells recognize the presence of MHC class I on the surface of target cells and this recognition
provides them an activating signal to kill MHC class I positive target cells.
d. The opposing functions of activating & inhibitory receptors can be attributed to differences in their
intracellular domains.
,e. Intensity of NK cell response is determined by how many inhibitory versus activating receptors are
engaged and affinity of those receptors to their ligands. - ✔✔c. NK cells recognize the presence of MHC
class I on the surface of target cells and this recognition provides them an activating signal to kill MHC
class I positive target cells.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about yd-T cells?
a. yd-TCRs lack the fine antigenic specificity of ab-TCRs and are often broadly cross reactive.
b. yd-T cells absolutely require involvement of MHC or processing and presentation of peptide antigens
by antigen presenting cells.
c. Can recognize both protein and lipid antigens/ligands in soluble or surface bound forms.
d. yd-TCRs interact with ligands in a way similar to ligand recognition by pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs).
e. Respond to cellular stress and heat shock proteins. - ✔✔b. yd-T cells absolutely require involvement of
MHC or processing and presentation of peptide antigens by antigen presenting cells.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about yd-T cells, their location, and effector functions?
a. yd-CTLs can mediate target cell cytolysis by Fas-mediated cytotoxicity, release of perforin, and
granzymes or cytotoxic cytokines.
b. Some yd-T cells can be activated with phosphorylated metabolites without CD28 or CD40-mediated
costimulation.
c. Unlike ab-T cells, yd-T cells resident in a particular tissue express a dominant or "canonical" TCR
containing specific V gene segments.
d. Activated yd-T cells can induce neighboring epithelial cells to produce the antimicrobial compound
nitric oxide.
e. They are present in very high numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and are almost absent in skin,
intestinal epithelium, & pulmonary epithelium. - ✔✔e. They are present in very high numbers in
secondary lymphoid organs and are almost absent in skin, intestinal epithelium, & pulmonary
epithelium.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NKT cells?
a. NKT cells are considered part of the adaptive immunity; however, they also exhibit characteristics of
cells in the innate immune system.
b. NKT cells recognize glycolipid or lipids presented on non-polymorphic CD1d molecules.
, c. NKT cells are important players in the very first line of defense against some bacterial and viral
infections.
d. NKT cells are not T cells lineage cells.
e. In some cases, despite the engagement of its TCR by the host glycolipid-CD1d complex, NKT cells may
not be activated unless its IL-12/IL-18 or IFNa/b receptors are engaged. - ✔✔d. NKT cells are not T cells
lineage cells.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about NKT cell receptors, activation, & effector functions?
a. Many cytokines produced by NKT cells have significant effects on ab-T cell differentiation and
functions.
b. NKT cells can immediately carry out their effector functions without the need for differentiation.
c. NKT cells have TCR complexes on their surface which contain invariant alpha chain but beta chain is
diversified.
d. The most important in vivo effector function of activated NKT cells is cytokine and chemokine
production.
e. Intracellular signaling in NKT cells is not conveyed by CD3 complex. - ✔✔e. Intracellular signaling in
NKT cells is not conveyed by CD3 complex.
How does an antigen that enters first time through a mucosal route activate the systemic immune
response?
a. APCs from mucosal tissues carry the antigen to thymus, effector B & T cells are activated in the thymus
and mount a systemic immune response.
b. When APCs from mucosal surface carry the antigen to a local draining lymph node, naive B & T cells
are activated in the thymus and mount a systemic immune response.
c. When APCs carry the antigen through the lymphatics & into the blood circulation, naive B & T cells at
distant mucosal sites are activated and mount a systemic immune response.
d. Antigen, when enters through mucosal surfaces, can't mount systemic immune response.
e. None of the above is true. - ✔✔a. APCs from mucosal tissues carry the antigen to thymus, effector B &
T cells are activated in the thymus and mount a systemic immune response.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and its components?
a. Enterocytes don't express TLRs, NLRs, & RLRs and thus don't play a role in innate immunity to
pathogens.
