Maryville NURS 615 Exam 1
NP prescriptive authority is regulated by - ANS-the state board of nursing
Criteria for choosing an effective drug for a disorder - ANS-Consulting nationally
recognized guidelines for disease management
Hypoalbuminemia affects the process of prescribing because - ANS-it increases the
free drug floating around and could cause toxicity or different effects
Hypoalbuminemia - ANS-affects the distribution of the drug to target tissue
Drugs with high first pass metabolism - ANS-are rapidly metabolized by the liver and
may have little or if any desired action.
Fraction of drug lost through the process of absorption.
First pass metabolism - ANS-The rapid uptake and metabolism of an active compound
into inactive compounds by the liver, immediately after enteric absorption and before it
reaches the systemic circulation.
Half-life - ANS-the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be half-way
cleared from the system
Loading dose - ANS-drugs with a long half life start with this to achieve desired clinical
effects more quickly.
Ex: azithromycin requires the first days dose to be twice that of the other 4 days
Onset of action - ANS-The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates
the first sign of a therapeutic effect
Peak of action - ANS-The time between drug administration and the maximum
concentration of a drug in the blood stream
Peak and trough levels - ANS-This is used to determine if a drug is in a therapeutic
range
Steady-state - ANS-Amount of drug needed in the body remains constant
, IV administration - ANS-Does not involve absorption and there is no loss of the drug;
distribution throughout the body begins immediately
CYPs - ANS-are major enzymes that are involved in drug metabolism. They account for
nearly 75% of the total metabolism.
Drugs that utilize the CYP3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism - ANS-may induce the
metabolism of another drug or inhibit the metabolism of another drug
CYP450 - ANS-is the reason behind drug interaction and the rationale of why drugs
affect different people in different ways
Grapefruit - ANS-reduces the clearance of simvastatin, increasing the risk of myopathy
St. John's Wort - ANS-reduces the clearance of cyclosporine
Bactrim and Warfarin - ANS-warfarin metabolism is reduced, resulting in increased INR
causing an increased risk of bleeding and should be avoided or the INR should be
monitored more frequently
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - ANS-Slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain
cells.
Highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain
and extracellular fluid in the CNS
WHO prescribing process - ANS-1. Define the problem/diagnosis
2. Specify therapeutic objective
3. Choose the treatment
4. Start the treatment
5. Educate the patient
6. Monitor the effectiveness
Off-label prescribing - ANS-The use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.
It is legal if there is scientific evidence for the use; it is illegal if it violates ethical
guidelines for safety regulations
Adverse Drug Reactions - ANS-most common in infants/children and older adults.
The elderly are at high risk due to age-related decrease in renal function
NP prescriptive authority is regulated by - ANS-the state board of nursing
Criteria for choosing an effective drug for a disorder - ANS-Consulting nationally
recognized guidelines for disease management
Hypoalbuminemia affects the process of prescribing because - ANS-it increases the
free drug floating around and could cause toxicity or different effects
Hypoalbuminemia - ANS-affects the distribution of the drug to target tissue
Drugs with high first pass metabolism - ANS-are rapidly metabolized by the liver and
may have little or if any desired action.
Fraction of drug lost through the process of absorption.
First pass metabolism - ANS-The rapid uptake and metabolism of an active compound
into inactive compounds by the liver, immediately after enteric absorption and before it
reaches the systemic circulation.
Half-life - ANS-the amount of time it takes for an administered drug to be half-way
cleared from the system
Loading dose - ANS-drugs with a long half life start with this to achieve desired clinical
effects more quickly.
Ex: azithromycin requires the first days dose to be twice that of the other 4 days
Onset of action - ANS-The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates
the first sign of a therapeutic effect
Peak of action - ANS-The time between drug administration and the maximum
concentration of a drug in the blood stream
Peak and trough levels - ANS-This is used to determine if a drug is in a therapeutic
range
Steady-state - ANS-Amount of drug needed in the body remains constant
, IV administration - ANS-Does not involve absorption and there is no loss of the drug;
distribution throughout the body begins immediately
CYPs - ANS-are major enzymes that are involved in drug metabolism. They account for
nearly 75% of the total metabolism.
Drugs that utilize the CYP3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism - ANS-may induce the
metabolism of another drug or inhibit the metabolism of another drug
CYP450 - ANS-is the reason behind drug interaction and the rationale of why drugs
affect different people in different ways
Grapefruit - ANS-reduces the clearance of simvastatin, increasing the risk of myopathy
St. John's Wort - ANS-reduces the clearance of cyclosporine
Bactrim and Warfarin - ANS-warfarin metabolism is reduced, resulting in increased INR
causing an increased risk of bleeding and should be avoided or the INR should be
monitored more frequently
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - ANS-Slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain
cells.
Highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain
and extracellular fluid in the CNS
WHO prescribing process - ANS-1. Define the problem/diagnosis
2. Specify therapeutic objective
3. Choose the treatment
4. Start the treatment
5. Educate the patient
6. Monitor the effectiveness
Off-label prescribing - ANS-The use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved
indication or unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.
It is legal if there is scientific evidence for the use; it is illegal if it violates ethical
guidelines for safety regulations
Adverse Drug Reactions - ANS-most common in infants/children and older adults.
The elderly are at high risk due to age-related decrease in renal function
