Infantry ALC Tactics (ULO, TLP, Combat Power, OFF, DEF, Patrolling) 100% Correct Answers Verified Latest 2024 Version

What is doctrine? - The army thought process. how to think, rather than what to think. what are TTPs - Tactics,Techniques, and Procedures what are tactics - the employment of units in combat a tactician must understand and master the: - art and science of tactics what are the three interrelated aspects of the art of tactics? - 1) the creative way to accomplish assigned missions 2) Decision making under adverse conditions. 3)understanding the affects of combat on the soldier what is the science of tactics - the understanding of those aspects of tactics to include combat capabilities, techniques, and procedures that can be measured and codified. what is a unified action - the synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of activities of governmental/non-governmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort ARMY ROLE is? - Unified Land Operations ULO Goal is? - apply land power as part of unified action to defeat the enemy on land and establish conditions that achieve the commanders end is a unified land operation? - how the army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of advantage, and create conditions favorable for conflict resolution what is the foundation of ULO? - Decisive actions by means of army core competencies guided by Mission command decisive actions include - - Offense, Defense, Stability, and support of civil authority operations. missions in any environment require army forces to be prepared to conduct any combination of these operations. what are offensive tasks? - an offensive task is conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population centers what are defensive tasks? - defensive tasks are conducted to defeat enemy attacks, gain time, economize forces, and develop conditions favorable for offensive or stability tasks what are stability tasks? - tasks and missions conducted outside the US to reestablish a safe and secure environment. provides both governmental and humanitarian relief. Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) - Defense support of civil authorities is a task that takes place only in the homeland, although some of its tasks are similar to stability tasks. Defense support of civil authorities is always conducted in support of another primary or lead federal agency. 6 Tenets of ULO - 1)Flexibility 2)Integration 3)Lethality 4)Adaptability 5)Depth 6)Synchronization what is the operational art - the pursuit of strategic objectives in whole or in part through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and is the operational process? - 1)plan: -army designed methodology -military decision making process - troop leading procedures 2)prepare 3)execute 4)assess what are the 6 warfighting functions? - 1) mission command 2) movement and maneuver 3) intelligence 4) fires 5) sustainment 6) protection what is combat power? - the total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities the military unit/formation can apply at a given time. how do army forces generate combat power - by converting potential into effective action. what are the 8 elements of combat power. - leadership, information, movement and maneuver, intelligence, fires, sustainment, mission command, and protection how do commanders apply combat power? - though the warfighting functions using leadership and information. how do commanders apply leadership? - through mission command what does mission command do - While the commander remains the central figure in mission command, it enables subordinates to develop the associated with movement and maneuver - deploy, move, maneuver, employ direct fires, occupy an area, mobility/countermobility ops, reconnaissance and surveillance, employ battlefield obscuration. what does intelligence provide to the warfighting functions - it provides understanding of possible treats, adversaries, and weather. what is intelligence? - synchronized information collected my means of recon, surveillance, security, and intel operations. whats is fires - indirect weapons used to create specific lethal and non lethal effects on a target fires associated tasks? - deliver fires, conduct targeting, integrate all forms of army, joint, and multinational fire. define sustainment and list associated tasks - The endurance of Army forces is primarily a function of their sustainment. It is essential to retaining and exploiting the initiative. Includes the following tasks: Conduct logistics. Provide personnel services. Provide health service support. what is protection? - determines the degree to which potential threats can disrupt operations and counters or mitigates those threats what is a patrol? - a detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a specific mission that operates semi-independently and returns to the main body upon completion of the is the main function of a patrol? - to engage with or report the enemies disposition, location and actions. to act as ground sensors or early warnings for larger units (the planned action determines the type of patrol) what is the purpose of a patrol? - Gathering information on the enemy, on the terrain, or on the populace. Regaining contact with the enemy or with adjacent friendly forces Engaging the enemy in combat to destroy him or inflict losses. Reassuring or gaining the trust of a local population. Preventing public disorder. Deterring and disrupting insurgent or criminal activity. Providing unit security. Protecting key infrastructure or bases. Types of Patrols - combat recon sustainment main function of a combat patrol - depart the main body with clear intent to make direct contact with the enemy. it provides security, harasses, destroys, or captures enemy troops, equipment, and types of combat patrols - raid, ambush, and security three types of recon patrols - area, zone, and route internal makeup of a patrol - headquarters element, aid and litter team, EPOW team, surveillance team, route recorder, compass man, pace man, assault team, support team, breach team, search team. what must be established in the initial planning and coordination phase. - troop leading procedures, changes and updates to enemy situation, best use of terrain, hours of light, weather condition, changes in friendly situation, attachments, local landing zones, departure and re-entry points coordination's necessary for patrolling - fire support data, rehearsals (area and time), special equipment, ammo, transportation requirements, signal plan, attachments key tasks to complete the plan - identify essential and shaping tasks, key travel and execution times, primary and alternate routes, signals, challenger passwords, location of leaders, action on enemy contact, contingency plans departure from friendly lines requires - coordination and planning 5 types of rally points - initial, in route, objective, re-entery, near and far side what are the tasks to be conducted for a leaders recon of the objective? - establish an ORP establish GOTWA pinpoint the objective select security, support, and assault positions complete the plan disseminate information issue orders and instructionswhat is GOTWA - G - where is the leader Going O - what Others are going with the leader T - duration of Time leader will be gone. W - What actions to take in the event leader does not return A - Action on contact for leader and orp functions of a raid - a surprise attack against a position installation for specific purpose other than seizing and holding terrain what is the difference between a hasty and deliberate ambush? - time 2 types of ambush - point and area what is an ambush - a surprise attack from a concealed position on a moving or temporarily halted target. can be used to close with and destroy the enemy or attack by fire only what is a security patrol? - a detachment sent to a units perimeter while it is stationary or temporarily halted to search the local area, detect and destroy the opposition force near the main body. (within the limits of its capability) when is a security patrol used? - when the unit is operating in close terrain with limited observation and fields of fire. what is a reconnaissance patrol? - its purpose is to confirm or disprove the accuracy of information previously gained. intent of recon patrol? - move stealthily, avoid enemy contact and accomplish its tactical tasks without engaging in close recon - focuses on obtaining detailed information about the terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area route recon - gathers detailed information on the trafficability of planed routes and all adjacent terrain, enemy activity in close proximity to route, and obstacle employment opportunities zone recon - obtains information on enemy and terrain in a specific region of the AO. identifies available routes and key terrain in area. methods of zone recon - box,fan,converging routes, and successive sector method. what is covered during briefings and orders - environment, mines and IED threat, operations updates, mission and individual tasks, locations and routes, posture, action on contact, ROE/ROI, commo plan, electronic countermeasures, uniform, equipment, medical availabilities, attachments (interpreters, police, female soldiers, dog handlers, and other operational specialists) other types of reconnaissance patrols - contact patrol, presence patrol, tracking patrol. urban patrolling considerations - mounted, dismounted, strength and weaknesses troop leading procedures - the process a leader goes through to prepare the unit to accomplish a mission what 2 steps of the troop leading procedures must be completed in order - 1) receive the mission 2) issue the warning order what are the 8 troop leading procedures? - 1) receive the mission 2) issue the warning order 3) make a tentative plan 4)start necessary movement 5)reconnoiter6) complete the plan 7) issue the complete plan (oporder) 8) supervise and refine receive the mission - METT-TC (5 Ws) what is the mission, what is known about the enemy, what is the impact on terrain and weather, troops available, time available, civilian considerations. 1/3 - 2/3 rule - leaders will use no more than 1/3 available time for planning and issuing opord. subordinates get 2/3s of available time to plan and prepare for operation characteristic of a warning order - no specific format, leader provides necessary updates, identifies who's going, identifies time and place of oporder and sp time of mission. what must a leader do at a minimum for recon - must make a map reconnaissance what must must be included in the plan. - the commanders intent what must you do when issuing the complete order - use terrain representation and conduct back briefs to unsure unit understanding of mission what happens during the supervise phase of the troop leading procedures? - squad leaders and plt sergeants conduct spot checks and assist the pl to conduct the final inspection. military decision making process steps - receive the mission mission analysis COA analysis COA development COA ComparisonCOA approval orders production what is a warning order - alerts the unit of an upcoming mission what is an operation order - a directive issued by the leader to subordinates implementing the coordinated execution of an operation. what is a fragmentary order - a change or modification to the opord purpose of defense - defeat enemy attack and gain the initiative for offensive operation. defense is also conducted to: gain time retain key terrain support other operations preoccupy enemy in one area in order for friendly offense to attack elsewhere types of defensive operations - area, mobile, and retrograde defense ops characteristics of defense - preparation, security, disruption, massing effects, flexibility. Defensive Sequence - Recon and Security Operations and Enemy Preparatory Fires - Security Force - GuidesOccupation and Preparation Approach of Main Attack Enemy Assault Counterattack Consolidation and Reorganization planning considerations - movement and maneuver depth and dispersion flank positions displacement planning disengagement criteria direct fire suppression cover and concealment indirect fires and smoke fires planning consists of? - fire support fire support assets FIST positioning Defend in sector - consists of phase line sectors and mutually supporting BPs on armor restrictive terrain. positions are arrayed in depth. strength of defense is in flexibility. orients on enemy not terrain. very effective as it allows enemy to expose his flanks and assets. defense from a battle position - more linear and centralized. achieves surprise and allows maneuver. effective in concentrating combat power. supports BPs the cover likely enemy avenues of d a strong point - holds key terrain. provides a pivot point. blocks avenues of approach. canalizes the enemy. defend a perimeter - plt prepares a perimeter defense when there is no friendly unit adjacent to it. disperse the unit in a circular configuration for all around security (actual shape is terrain dependent.) a variation is the y shaped perimeter defense. linear defense - allows interlocking and overlapping observation and fields of fire. used when fires to the front are needed. uses terrain and obstacles to canalize enemy. counter recon is critical in this position. PRIORITIES OF WORK - Establish SECURITY Position Key Weapons Clear fields of fire and prepare range cards Prepare fighting positions Emplace obstacles and mines Prepare alternate positions Stockpile Ammo, Water & Food Reserve Force - The primary purpose of the reserve is to regain the initiative through counterattack. - The reserve is not a committed force. Offensive Operations - Offensive Tasks are combat operations conducted to defeat and destroy enemy forces and seize terrain, resources, and population center. They impose the commander's will on the enemy. Purpose of the Offense - Dislocate, Isolate, Disrupt, and Destroy Enemy Forces Seize Key TerrainDeprive the Enemy of Resources Develop Intelligence Deceive and Divert the enemy Create a Secure Environment for Stability Operations Characteristics of the Offense - Surprise Concentration Audacity Tempo flexibility - Is not a characteristic of the Offense. At some point in most attacks, the original plan must be adjusted to meet changes in the situation. Commanders maintain flexibility at all times so he can attack identified enemy weaknesses when they are presented. The commander should avoid "fighting the plan" and instead focus on fighting the enemy or attacking identified enemy weakness. Types of Offensive Operations - Movement to Contact Attack Exploitation Pursuit Movement to Contact - Offensive operations designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact. Techniques: Search and AttackApproach March approach march is best used when the... - enemy force is more conventional in nature. enemy force is predictable has a more structured order of battle. enemy force is centrally located. enemy conducts more centralized operations. search and attack is best used when the ... - enemy conducts ops over a very large area in a dispersed manner. enemy forces are guerilla in nature. enemy operates in small teams and only makes contact when he feels he has the advantage. Attacks are... - An offensive tasks that destroys or defeats an enemy force, seizes, and secures terrain or both. Hasty attack Deliberate attack Special purpose attacks Special Purpose Attacks - Certain forms of attacks that employ distinctive methods and tasks require special planning, and can be conducted by any maneuver element. Spoiling attack Counterattack Raid Ambush Feint Demonstration Envelopment - The envelopment is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives to the enemy rear or flank to destroy the enemy in his current position.Turning Movement - Is a form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's principal defensive positions by seizing objectives to the enemy rear and causing the enemy to move out of his current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. Infiltration - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires. Penetration - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture the enemy defenses on a narrow front to create both assailable flanks and access to the enemy's rear what is the difference between an order and a command - an order implies discretion to the details to the execution, whereas a command does not FIVE COMBAT ORDERS - OPERATION ORDERS (OPORDs) SERVICE SUPPORT ORDERS MOVEMENT ORDERS WARNING ORDERS (WARNOs) FRAGMENTARY ORDERS (FRAGOs) paragraphs of an oporder - Task organization Situation Mission Execution Sustainment Command and Control.OPERATION ORDER Essential Elements - Task Organization Terrain Analysis Situation Mission Execution Sustainment Command and Control Fire Control Principles - Mass the effects of fire. Destroy the greatest threat first. Avoid target overkill. Employ the best weapon for the target. Minimize friendly exposure. Plan and implement fratricide and civilian casualties avoidance measures. Plan for extreme limited visibility conditions. Develop contingencies for diminished capabilities The primary methods of fire control: - Oral Hand & Arm Signals Prearranged Signals Personal Contact Range Cards SOPs task organization - 1. Always given before the situation paragraph. This lets subordinates know what assets they have for the mission. 2. Two formats...outlined and matrix. Sequence is the same for both methods.SITUATION - Enemy Forces Friendly Forces Environment . mission - A mission statement is a short sentence or paragraph describing the unit's essential task (or tasks). The purpose clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason for doing so. It contains the elements of who, what, when, where, and why, and the reasons thereof, but seldom specifies how. EXECUTION - A. Concept of Operations: COMMANDERS INTENT: The stated VISION that defines the purpose of the operation and the relationship among the force, the enemy and the terrain. The Commander's expected end state of the mission. The result the Commander expects the unit to accomplish in a specific operation. As a minimum, must include scheme of maneuver and concept of fires. SUSTAINMENT - Address sustainment as needed to clarify the service support concept. Refer to annexes, if required. Subparagraphs include: Support concept Materiel and Services Health Service support Personnel Service support. Support Concept. State the concept of logistics support to provide non-CSS commanders and their staffs a visualization of how the operation will be logistically supported. COMMAND AND CONTROL - A. Command:Location of higher CMD, and CP. Location of platoon leader or CP. Location of PSG or alternate CP. Succession of command. B. SIGNAL: ANCD/SOI INDEX in effect Listening / silence Method of communication internal A. Visual / Radio B. Primary / Alternate C. Day / Night Code words: challenge and pass, call-signs, number Combinations.