PA Emissions Inspection
What health problems can pollution cause? - ANS-Respiratory issues
What percent of air pollution is caused by vehicles? - ANS-20%
How much less air pollution do we have now than in the 1960s? (%) - ANS-98% less
What is the average thermal efficiency? (%) - ANS-20%
Where does 80% of the rest of the fuel go to? - ANS-Friction, heat, and emissions
What are the 5 major pollutants? - ANS-Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO),
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter
What are hydrocarbons? - ANS-Unburned fuel of carbon and hydrogen
What are hydrocarbons emitted through? - ANS-Incomplete combustion and fuel
evaporation
What are hydrocarbons caused by? - ANS-Misfire, rich, ignition timing, engine
deficiencies, and fuel injectors
What has lowered hydrocarbons? - ANS-OBD 2, component controls, fuel delivery,
ignition, emissions system, and EVAPs
Can you see or smell carbon monoxide? - ANS-No
Is carbon monoxide harmful or nonharmful? - ANS-Harmful
How is carbon monoxide made? - ANS-Incomplete burning of fuel
What is carbon monoxide caused by?` - ANS-rich, dirty air filter, fuel injectors, high fuel
pressure, defective sensors, plugged PCV valve, heat riser valve stuck open, air pump
malfunction, oil diluted with gas
How is nitrogen oxide made? - ANS-Combustion of fuel at high temperatures
, What is nitrogen oxide the cause of? - ANS-Acid rain
What type of health issues does nitrogen oxide cause? - ANS-Respiratory issues
What is nitrogen oxide caused by? - ANS-lean, defective EGR, high temperature,
vacuum leaks, advance ignition timing
What can too little or too much oxygen cause? - ANS-Improper combustion
What is too little oxygen caused by? - ANS-rich, dirty air filter, fuel injectors, high fuel
pressure, defective sensors, restricted PCV valve, EVAP purges at idle
What is too much oxygen caused by? - ANS-lean, misfire, vacuum leak, exhaust leak
Where is ozone/smog made at? - ANS-Ground level
What creates smog? - ANS-Oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons mixed together in the
sunlight
What health issue can smog cause? - ANS-Damaged lungs
What is particulates? - ANS-Dirt, dust, etc.
How are particulates made? - ANS-Combustion
What is the stoichiometric level? - ANS-14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel
Is the mixture lean or rich during a cold start or acceleration? - ANS-Rich
When are hydrocarbons consistent? - ANS-14.7:1
When are hydrocarbons high? - ANS-When rich or lean
What is 17:1 called? - ANS-Lean misfire point
Do hydrocarbons decrease or increase at 17:1? - ANS-Increase
What do hydrocarbons and oxygen make? - ANS-Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
and water
What health problems can pollution cause? - ANS-Respiratory issues
What percent of air pollution is caused by vehicles? - ANS-20%
How much less air pollution do we have now than in the 1960s? (%) - ANS-98% less
What is the average thermal efficiency? (%) - ANS-20%
Where does 80% of the rest of the fuel go to? - ANS-Friction, heat, and emissions
What are the 5 major pollutants? - ANS-Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO),
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter
What are hydrocarbons? - ANS-Unburned fuel of carbon and hydrogen
What are hydrocarbons emitted through? - ANS-Incomplete combustion and fuel
evaporation
What are hydrocarbons caused by? - ANS-Misfire, rich, ignition timing, engine
deficiencies, and fuel injectors
What has lowered hydrocarbons? - ANS-OBD 2, component controls, fuel delivery,
ignition, emissions system, and EVAPs
Can you see or smell carbon monoxide? - ANS-No
Is carbon monoxide harmful or nonharmful? - ANS-Harmful
How is carbon monoxide made? - ANS-Incomplete burning of fuel
What is carbon monoxide caused by?` - ANS-rich, dirty air filter, fuel injectors, high fuel
pressure, defective sensors, plugged PCV valve, heat riser valve stuck open, air pump
malfunction, oil diluted with gas
How is nitrogen oxide made? - ANS-Combustion of fuel at high temperatures
, What is nitrogen oxide the cause of? - ANS-Acid rain
What type of health issues does nitrogen oxide cause? - ANS-Respiratory issues
What is nitrogen oxide caused by? - ANS-lean, defective EGR, high temperature,
vacuum leaks, advance ignition timing
What can too little or too much oxygen cause? - ANS-Improper combustion
What is too little oxygen caused by? - ANS-rich, dirty air filter, fuel injectors, high fuel
pressure, defective sensors, restricted PCV valve, EVAP purges at idle
What is too much oxygen caused by? - ANS-lean, misfire, vacuum leak, exhaust leak
Where is ozone/smog made at? - ANS-Ground level
What creates smog? - ANS-Oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons mixed together in the
sunlight
What health issue can smog cause? - ANS-Damaged lungs
What is particulates? - ANS-Dirt, dust, etc.
How are particulates made? - ANS-Combustion
What is the stoichiometric level? - ANS-14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel
Is the mixture lean or rich during a cold start or acceleration? - ANS-Rich
When are hydrocarbons consistent? - ANS-14.7:1
When are hydrocarbons high? - ANS-When rich or lean
What is 17:1 called? - ANS-Lean misfire point
Do hydrocarbons decrease or increase at 17:1? - ANS-Increase
What do hydrocarbons and oxygen make? - ANS-Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
and water
