Maryville Patho 611 Exam 1 Practice Quiz Questions 100% Correct Verified 2024 Version

Pathologic hyperplasia - Produces an abnormal proliferation of abnormal cells Free radicals may be produced by - spontaneous decay of superoxide Alcohol (ethanol) - is metabolized via the microsomal p-450 oxidase pathway Aging is associated with - increased cross-linking of collagen What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? - Proteins What prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? - Phospholipid bilayer Which mode of chemical signaling use blood to transport communication to cells some distance away? - Hormone signaling Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed or immobilized? - Paracrine signaling Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to - Receptors How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them? - Chemical messengers such as ligands When a second message is necessary for extracellular communication to be activated, it is provided by: - adenosine monophosphate (AMP)What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? - oxidative phosphorylation How is passive transport described? - It is driven by osmosis, filtration, and diffusion Active transport occurs across membranes that - have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to be transported A person with chronic heart failure has edema in the lower legs and sacral area. The nurse practitioner suspects this is due to an - increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure A person reports severe diarrhea for 2 days. The nurse practitioner understands this stimulates a - increase in antidiuretic hormone secretion A person arrives in the ER after a loss of consciousness and the development of Kussmaul respirations. The individual has a history of diabetes and 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse practitioner suspects the person has - metabolic acidosis A person with a history of chronic lung disease arrives in the clinic with a 1-week history of a productive cough, headache, and muscle twitching. The nurse practitioner suspects the person is experiencing - respiratory acidosis Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of - osmotic forces The most significant consequence of hypokalemia is - muscular weakness At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because the - Capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure