Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 |
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - ✔✔Parasympathetic
nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - ✔✔Sympathetic nervous system
(SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ✔✔blood flow to the muscles
is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - ✔✔focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - ✔✔specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - ✔✔include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to
blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral dysfunction: Diabetes
Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding
headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal
congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔individual most likely to be affected have
lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ✔✔bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx
of hyperreflexia
, Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS reflexively
responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels,
the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of severe
cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔age, family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔low calorie diets, estrogen
replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - ✔✔PSEN 1 (presenilin) on
chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - ✔✔postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - ✔✔hypertension
what are common risk factors for stroke - ✔✔arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated
cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia,
a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less
than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection such as
respiratory or GI illness - ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ✔✔typical first manifestations are numbness,
pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an ascending pattern
100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - ✔✔Parasympathetic
nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - ✔✔Sympathetic nervous system
(SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ✔✔blood flow to the muscles
is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - ✔✔focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - ✔✔specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - ✔✔include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to
blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral dysfunction: Diabetes
Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding
headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal
congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ✔✔individual most likely to be affected have
lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ✔✔bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx
of hyperreflexia
, Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS reflexively
responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels,
the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the
visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔leading cause of dementia and one of the most common causes of severe
cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔age, family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔low calorie diets, estrogen
replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - ✔✔PSEN 1 (presenilin) on
chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - ✔✔postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - ✔✔hypertension
what are common risk factors for stroke - ✔✔arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM, elevated
cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia,
congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and thrombocythemia,
a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less
than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection such as
respiratory or GI illness - ✔✔Guillain-Barre syndrome
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ✔✔typical first manifestations are numbness,
pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in an ascending pattern
