Maryville University Pharmacology NURS 615 Exam 2 Questions & Answers 100% Correct Verified

How does carbamazepine work? - Works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain How often should carbamazepine lab values be monitored? What labs? - CBC q 3-4 months What anti-seizure med auto induces metabolism? - Carbamazepine What medication decreases the production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets? - Carbamazepine What is carbamazepine half-life? - Single dose: 30 hours Multiple dose: 15 hours What is a great risk of seizure potential while taking anti-seizure medications? - Stopping the medication abruptly. What type of medication is topiramate (Topamax)? - Anti-seizure med What does topiramate cause? - Electrolyte imbalance -- hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis What are adverse effects of topiramate? - Weight loss, high temperature, and inability to sweat What medication affects Lamictal? - OCPs decrease the effects of this drug, so the dose must be doubled Can valproate (Depakote) be used during pregnancy? - It is a known teratogen. If needed, must be used after 1st trimester.What must be ruled out in patients before starting an anti-depressant? - hypothyroidism Anti-depressant that is to be used with caution in cardiac patients due to behaving like class 1 antiarrythmics? - TCAs TCA side effects are mainly of what type? - Anti-cholinergic What is a first-line antidepressant in children? - fluoxetine (Prozac) How do you discontinue an SSRI? - Taper by reducing the dose by 50% for 3-4 days When are MAOIs effective? - In atypical depression or Parkinson's Why are MAOIs reserved for last line of treatment? - Lethal drug interactions and food interactions How long before starting a new antidepressant after MAOIs? - At least 2 weeks to clear it from system What are high tyramine foods and when are they contraindicated? - Fermented foods; aged cheese, wine alcohol Contraindicated with MAOI use Important drug interaction and side effect with MAOIs? - Avoid other serotonin drugs and watch for hypertensive crisis What anti-depressant may have sleep issues if taken at night? - fluoxetine (Prozac) (SSRI) How do SSRIs work? - They block the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft so there is more serotonin aroundHow are sexual side effects linked to SSRIs? - Sexual side effects may start after 1 month; especially common in Paxil How long does it take for SSRIs to work? - 2-6 weeks; usually within 4 weeks; some symptoms may improve within 1 to 2 weeks What medication is a seroternergic 5-ht receptor partial agonist (partial alpha 1 receptor agonist)? - buspirone (Buspar) What is special about buspirone (Buspar)? - It has both anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects. How is treatment with buspirone (Buspar) usually conducted? - Can be combined with an SSRI to treat patients with agitated or anxious depression Benzodiazepines affect what neurotransmitter and how? - Increases the effects of GABA What medications results in a sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxer effect? - Benzodiazepines What anxiolytic has the greatest risk for dependence and resistance? - alprazolam (Xanax) What anxiolytic is first line treatment for panic disorder? - diazepam (Valium) What are characteristics of serotonin syndrome? - nausea, diarrhea, sweating, hyperthermia, myoclonic jerking, tremor, agitation, disorientation, HTN, delirium, death What medication is approved for depression with low energy? - venlafaxine (Effexor) (SNRI)