MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Version 2024 | Verified
For prokaryotic cells, which statement is correct concerning how the structure of a particular cell
component correlates with its function? - ✔✔The cell wall is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the cell
and gives it shape and rigidity.
In lateral gene transfer, genes are ______. - ✔✔moved from one species to another
Which character separates bacteria from archaea? - ✔✔bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
What does it mean to say that prokaryotic organisms have "compact" genomes, relative to eukaryotic
genomes? - ✔✔The ratios between their number of genes and their genome sizes are generally larger
than in eukaryotes.
If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that cell will - ✔✔increase by a
factor of 1000.
Which one of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory? - ✔✔- all cells come from pre-existing cells
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the fundamental units of life
Which of the following statements about archae is correct? - ✔✔- archaea share similar structural
features with bacteria, but are not bacteria
- archaea share similar biochemical features with eukaryotes but are not eukaryotes
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. - ✔✔Fimbriae
What is a function of a bacterium's capsule? - ✔✔protection
,The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. - ✔✔D (nucleoid region)
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? - ✔✔nucleoid region
(bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region)
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? - ✔✔ribosomes
(ribosomes are involved in manufacture of polypeptides [proteins])
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and
supports the bacterial cell? - ✔✔cell wall
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell
and wastes to leave the cell. - ✔✔plasma membrane (is selectively permeable)
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the
letter _____. - ✔✔C (plasma membrane)
For eukaryotic cells, which answer best describes the function of the indicated component? -
✔✔peroxisome: detox center
What is another name for a condensation reaction? - ✔✔dehydration (removal of water molecule during
monomer linkage)
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? -
✔✔hydrolysis (opposite of condensation reaction; H is added to 1 monomer and the OH is added to the
other)
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers. - ✔✔nucleotide
, Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers. - ✔✔simple sugar (monosaccharide)
Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers. - ✔✔amino acid
Which polymers are composed of amino acids? - ✔✔proteins
Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?
oxygen
carboxyl group
amino group
a side chain ("R group") - ✔✔oxygen (central carbon atom is bonded to an amino functional group,
carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and a hydrogen)
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? - ✔✔carboxyl functional group (contains 2 oxygen atoms
that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom, so this group tends to lose a proton and is
acidic)
Which monomers make up RNA? - ✔✔nucleotides
Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? - ✔✔a
bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of
the other amino acid.
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions. - ✔✔true (enzymes in the
digestive tract break down food molecules, which is a process that occurs by hydrolysis)
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. - ✔✔C (the nucleus)
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? - ✔✔mitochondrion (converts the chemical
energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form ATP)
with 100% Correct Answers | Latest
Version 2024 | Verified
For prokaryotic cells, which statement is correct concerning how the structure of a particular cell
component correlates with its function? - ✔✔The cell wall is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the cell
and gives it shape and rigidity.
In lateral gene transfer, genes are ______. - ✔✔moved from one species to another
Which character separates bacteria from archaea? - ✔✔bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
What does it mean to say that prokaryotic organisms have "compact" genomes, relative to eukaryotic
genomes? - ✔✔The ratios between their number of genes and their genome sizes are generally larger
than in eukaryotes.
If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that cell will - ✔✔increase by a
factor of 1000.
Which one of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory? - ✔✔- all cells come from pre-existing cells
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the fundamental units of life
Which of the following statements about archae is correct? - ✔✔- archaea share similar structural
features with bacteria, but are not bacteria
- archaea share similar biochemical features with eukaryotes but are not eukaryotes
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. - ✔✔Fimbriae
What is a function of a bacterium's capsule? - ✔✔protection
,The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____. - ✔✔D (nucleoid region)
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? - ✔✔nucleoid region
(bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region)
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? - ✔✔ribosomes
(ribosomes are involved in manufacture of polypeptides [proteins])
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and
supports the bacterial cell? - ✔✔cell wall
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell
and wastes to leave the cell. - ✔✔plasma membrane (is selectively permeable)
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the
letter _____. - ✔✔C (plasma membrane)
For eukaryotic cells, which answer best describes the function of the indicated component? -
✔✔peroxisome: detox center
What is another name for a condensation reaction? - ✔✔dehydration (removal of water molecule during
monomer linkage)
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? -
✔✔hydrolysis (opposite of condensation reaction; H is added to 1 monomer and the OH is added to the
other)
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers. - ✔✔nucleotide
, Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers. - ✔✔simple sugar (monosaccharide)
Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers. - ✔✔amino acid
Which polymers are composed of amino acids? - ✔✔proteins
Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?
oxygen
carboxyl group
amino group
a side chain ("R group") - ✔✔oxygen (central carbon atom is bonded to an amino functional group,
carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and a hydrogen)
Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? - ✔✔carboxyl functional group (contains 2 oxygen atoms
that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom, so this group tends to lose a proton and is
acidic)
Which monomers make up RNA? - ✔✔nucleotides
Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? - ✔✔a
bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of
the other amino acid.
True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions. - ✔✔true (enzymes in the
digestive tract break down food molecules, which is a process that occurs by hydrolysis)
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. - ✔✔C (the nucleus)
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? - ✔✔mitochondrion (converts the chemical
energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form ATP)
