1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
OF CHEMISTRY
Chemistry Smart Booklet
Theory + NCERT MCQs+Topicwise Practice MCQs
+ NEET PYQs
1
,2
,Introduction:
Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations which deals with the
study of matter, its composition, the changes that matter undergoes and the relation
between changes in composition and changes in energy. Chemistry plays an important
role in meeting human needs for food, health care products.
Branches of Chemistry:
Organic Chemistry- This branch deals with study of carbon compounds especially
hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Inorganic Chemistry- This branch deals with the study of compounds of all other
elements except carbon. It largely concerns itself with the study of minerals found
in the Earth's crust.
JI
Physical Chemistry- The explanation of fundamental principles governing various
chemical phenomena is the main concern of this branch. It is basically concerned
with laws and theories of the different branches of chemistry.
Industrial Chemistry- The chemistry involved in industrial processes is studied
under this branch. Analytical Chemistry-This branch deals with the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of various substances.
LA
Biochemistry- This branch deals with the chemical changes going on in the bodies
of living organisms; plants and animals.
Nuclear Chemistry- Nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion,
transmutation processes etc. are studied under this branch.
Importance of Chemistry:
Chemistry plays a central role in science and is often intertwined with other branches of
A
science. Principles of chemistry are applicable in diverse areas, such as weather patterns,
functioning of brain and operation of a computer, production in chemical industries,
manufacturing fertilisers, alkalis, acids, salts, dyes, polymers, drugs, soaps, detergents,
metals, alloys, etc., including new material.
B
Chemistry contributes in a big way to the national economy. It also plays an important
role in meeting human needs for food, healthcare products and other material aimed at
improving the quality of life.
Matter
Matter is any thing that occupies space, has mass, offer resistance and can be perceived of
directly by our senses. For example, book, pen, pencil, water, air, all living beings, etc.
3
CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732
, JI
Element
LA
Element is the purest form of matter. It is made up of only one type of atoms, ex.- carbon,
iron, copper, oxygen etc.
Compound
Compound is the substance which is made up of two or more elements combined
together in a fixed ratio by their weight e.g., carbon dioxide.
Mixture
A
Mixture is the substance which is made up of two or more substances in any ratio. e.g.,
Sugar + Water, Sodium Chloride + Water, Sand + Water
On the basis of composition, mixtures are of following type:
B
Homogeneous mixture: The mixture which has uniform composition through out
e.g., sugar solution.
Heterogeneous mixture: The mixtures which do not have uniform composition
through out. e.g. sand in water.
Atom
Atom is the smallest particle which may or may not exist free but takes part in chemical
reaction. Atom word means not to be cut. Ex- H, Na, O etc.
International System of Units (S.I.)
4
CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732
OF CHEMISTRY
Chemistry Smart Booklet
Theory + NCERT MCQs+Topicwise Practice MCQs
+ NEET PYQs
1
,2
,Introduction:
Chemistry is the science of molecules and their transformations which deals with the
study of matter, its composition, the changes that matter undergoes and the relation
between changes in composition and changes in energy. Chemistry plays an important
role in meeting human needs for food, health care products.
Branches of Chemistry:
Organic Chemistry- This branch deals with study of carbon compounds especially
hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Inorganic Chemistry- This branch deals with the study of compounds of all other
elements except carbon. It largely concerns itself with the study of minerals found
in the Earth's crust.
JI
Physical Chemistry- The explanation of fundamental principles governing various
chemical phenomena is the main concern of this branch. It is basically concerned
with laws and theories of the different branches of chemistry.
Industrial Chemistry- The chemistry involved in industrial processes is studied
under this branch. Analytical Chemistry-This branch deals with the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of various substances.
LA
Biochemistry- This branch deals with the chemical changes going on in the bodies
of living organisms; plants and animals.
Nuclear Chemistry- Nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion,
transmutation processes etc. are studied under this branch.
Importance of Chemistry:
Chemistry plays a central role in science and is often intertwined with other branches of
A
science. Principles of chemistry are applicable in diverse areas, such as weather patterns,
functioning of brain and operation of a computer, production in chemical industries,
manufacturing fertilisers, alkalis, acids, salts, dyes, polymers, drugs, soaps, detergents,
metals, alloys, etc., including new material.
B
Chemistry contributes in a big way to the national economy. It also plays an important
role in meeting human needs for food, healthcare products and other material aimed at
improving the quality of life.
Matter
Matter is any thing that occupies space, has mass, offer resistance and can be perceived of
directly by our senses. For example, book, pen, pencil, water, air, all living beings, etc.
3
CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732
, JI
Element
LA
Element is the purest form of matter. It is made up of only one type of atoms, ex.- carbon,
iron, copper, oxygen etc.
Compound
Compound is the substance which is made up of two or more elements combined
together in a fixed ratio by their weight e.g., carbon dioxide.
Mixture
A
Mixture is the substance which is made up of two or more substances in any ratio. e.g.,
Sugar + Water, Sodium Chloride + Water, Sand + Water
On the basis of composition, mixtures are of following type:
B
Homogeneous mixture: The mixture which has uniform composition through out
e.g., sugar solution.
Heterogeneous mixture: The mixtures which do not have uniform composition
through out. e.g. sand in water.
Atom
Atom is the smallest particle which may or may not exist free but takes part in chemical
reaction. Atom word means not to be cut. Ex- H, Na, O etc.
International System of Units (S.I.)
4
CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732
