Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition

Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges, 9th Edition, Beth Black “Chapter 8.Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice” Who is credited with developing the theory on systems? a. Rogers b. Maslow c. Rosenstock d. von Bertalanffy - d. von Bertalanffy Which of the following is true of open systems? a. They have very little interaction with the environment. b. Parts are independent of each other. c. Exchange of information is sporadic and intermittent. d. The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts. - d. The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts. Dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called a. synergy. b. homeostasis. c. inertia. d. suprasystems. - b. homeostasis. A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter. Which is the lowest level of Maslows basic needs he does not meet? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Safety needs c. Love and belonging needs d. Esteem needs - a. Basic physiologic needs An 18-month-old child has been in three foster homes within the past 9 months. When the child is seen for a well-child visit, the nurse notices the child vigilantly watches everyone. This child may not have which of Maslows basic needs met? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Safety needs c. Love and belonging needs d. Self-actualization - b. Safety needs Which of the following describes one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow? a. Equilibration b. Love and belonging c. Growth and development d. Adaptation - b. Love and belonging A school-aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair, attends school, and is actively involved in Scouting and science club. This child is meeting which of Maslows basic needs? a. Safety needs b. Love and belonging needs c. Esteem needs d. Self-actualization - b. Love and belonging needs An adult has difficulty initiating a conversation, and in working with others always agrees with them because My opinion is not important. Which of Maslows basic needs is not being met by this person? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Love and belonging needs c. Esteem needs d. Self-actualization - c. Esteem needs Which of the following is true of Maslows basic need of self-actualization? a. Once self-actualization is achieved, it is never lost. b. Elderly people outgrow the need for self-expression and self-development. c. Most people achieve self-actualization after all other needs are met. d. People use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature. - d. People use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature. A patients spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident, and the patients position in a large company has been eliminated due to corporate reorganization. The patient states, I do not think I can handle this. The nurse could safely make the assumption that a. the patient will soon develop clinical depression. b. the patient needs hospitalization to foster adaptation. c. environmental factors may have a negative impact on this persons health. d. self-care will assure the patients ability to readjust. - c. environmental factors may have a negative impact on this persons health. The nurse is interviewing the mother of a school-aged child. The mother states that their family consists of herself, her son, a female friend, and two foster children. One grandparent lives in another city, and one lives within two blocks of them. As the nurse works with this family, what implication is important to include? a. As a single parent, the mother has multiple roles to fill and will become stressed. b. As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults. c. This child will lack male attention because he lives in a single-parent family. d. The quality of family life will be influenced because they are not a traditional family. - b. As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults. Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the twentieth century. What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today? a. Increased incidence of single-parent families b. Reemergence of large, extended families c. Increased incidence of nuclear families d. Nuclear families moving closer to extended families - a. Increased incidence of single-parent families A nurse is caring for a new mother from Southeast Asia. The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding, the mother allows her mother-in-law to provide all other care for the baby. The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include a. assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin. b. assuming that the mother-in-law will care for the baby well since she is experienced. c. completing the teaching outlined for new mothers. d. asking the mother-in-law not to care for the baby so that the mother learns the care. - a. assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin. A nurse is assessing a patients level of social support. How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patients social support system? a. Noticing the number of visitors the patient has b. Asking for the patients perception of support c. Counting the number of community groups with which the patient is involved d. Assessing the patients family structure and roles - b. Asking for the patients perception of support How can nurses contribute to a healthier environment? a. Supporting the purchase of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products b. Teaching the benefits of using disposable diapers to new parents c. Recommending the purchase of nondisposable products when possible d. Leaving the computer on to reduce the electrical use of rebooting - c. Recommending the purchase of nondisposable products when possible Which of the following is the World Health Organizations definition of health? a. People in harmony with environment b. A state of optimum functioning for an individual in the performance of roles and tasks c. Physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity d. Functioning at maximum potential with the environment - c. Physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses? a. Altering an individuals health beliefs to promote health b. Identifying a state of optimal role functioning c. Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person d. Emphasizing the environment - c. Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person Which of the following is the primary focus of Healthy People 2020? a. Improving the health of individuals b. Improving the health of children c. Improving the health of families d. Improving the health of communities - d. Improving the health of communities An adult wears a helmet when riding a bicycle because he believes that his cycling skills might not prevent an accident, which could result in a head injury with serious consequences. Which component of the health beliefs model is this person demonstrating? a. Knowledge that cycling is good exercise and improves health b. Perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident c. Concern about his cycling skills d. Belief that individuals should prevent injuries - b. Perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident Banduras theory of self-efficacy described peoples response to health-related behaviors. Which of the following was a major premise of this theory? a. Patients will take responsibility for their health if they understand the risks and benefits. b. A cue to action is a powerful motivator for changing health behavior. c. Belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors. d. Health is genetically predetermined and cannot be influenced by an individuals actions or beliefs. - c. Belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors. Which statement by an obese individual could be assessed as perceiving self-efficacy? a. Ive never been able to lose weight on any diet. b. Its better to maintain ones weight than lose weight and gain it all back. c. Ill be all right as long as my spouse will stay on the diet with me. d. I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary. - d. I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary. Which of the following is believed about the concept of locus of control? a. Internally controlled people see themselves as responsible for their health and amenable to change. b. Externally controlled people believe health is controlled by what they do. c. Internally controlled people believe health is controlled by environmental factors. d. Externally controlled people are not likely to change their health behaviors. - a. Internally controlled people see themselves as responsible for their health and amenable to change. Which one of the following guiding principles helps explain nursings holistic approach? a. Nursing care can be provided in a variety of settings. b. Nursing care persists even in the absence of scientific research. c. Nursing care considers mind, body, and spirit. d. Nursing provides care regardless of a patients belief systems or culture. - c. Nursing care considers mind, body, and spirit The nursing process is an example of which of the following branches of philosophy? a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Epistemology d. Logic - d. Logic