AC3 Exam 1 questions with correct answers
Triage - Correct Answer-score of 1= emergent
Score of 5 = non-urgent
Emergent - Correct Answer-(life threatening): respiratory distress, chest pain,
stroke, active hemorrhage, unstable vital signs
Urgent - Correct Answer-(quickly/not life threatening): severe abdominal pain,
displaced or multiple fx, PNA
Non-urgent - Correct Answer-(can wait without fear of deterioration): skin rash,
strains and sprains, colds, simple fractures
Primary survey - Correct Answer-A: Airway and cervical spine (if cervical spine is
not maintained, airway is not maintained); do they have a patent airway? Do they
need c collar? Do they need O2?
B: Breathing; rescue breathes? Chest trauma?
C: Circulation; hemorrhaging? - large bore IV
D: Disability: Neuro status; Glascow (5-17) 3 is the lowest and at 8 or less you
intubate
E: Exposure: Expose the body, look for evidence. Also think exposure to cold or
heat.
Massive uncontrolled bleeding it changes to CABDE
heat exhaustion - Correct Answer-symptoms r/t DHD
fatal DHD and hyponatremia
-s/s: faint or dizzy, excessive sweating, cool, pale, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse
muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, HA
,-can lead to a heat stroke
-get to a cool, air conditioned place
-drink water, if conscious- CHANGED; DO NOT DRINK WATER. Worsen
hyponatremia because flushing out w normal water.
-take a cool shower or use cold compress
-Heat stroke - Correct Answer-: throbbing HA, no sweating, red, hot, dry skin,
rapid, strong pulse, may lose consciousness, CALL 911. Can suddenly go into a
ventricular arrythmia due to rapid HR - cannot sustain
-can aspirate if take fluids PO
-recommendations: light colored t-shirt (dark shirts pull sunlight and heat in),
sports drink instead of water, salt tablets are not a good option bc can cause N/V/D
losing more electrolytes and fluid.
-heat stroke; body temp can > 104F
-Inability to regulate temp
-emergency care for heat stroke- prehospital - Correct Answer-ensure patent
airway, remove from hot environment, remove clothing, pour/spray cold H20 over
body/scalp (scalp bc brain is cooking), all available people fan patient, use ice if
available-scalp, groin, back of neck, armpits, call 911
-hospital to icu (MODS): - Correct Answer-oxygen by NC, mask, or intubation,
large bore IV prepare for NS (cooled if available), use cooling blanket- no ASA or
antipyretics (in order to work you must have a functioning hypothalamus,
hypothalamus is impaired. Also the liver is failing. When the liver is failing,
platelets are not working. ASA or Tylenol will thin blood more), rectal probe (core
body temp)- assess q15 minutes, insert foley urine output, urinalysis & specific
gravity, serum electrolytes, cardiac enzymes, liver enzymes, CBC, ABG, benzos
for shivering (shivering will raise body temp again)- Ativan, lorazepam, valium
-Stop cooling at 102- body will kick in itself to cool down. *monitor
, -SNAKE: - Correct Answer-most nonpoisonous. Cottons mouths, copperheads,
rattlers, water moccasins.
-prehospital: safety, rest- increased movement= increased circulation= spread
venom, BELOW HEART, jewelry and clothes, 911, picture of snake for
antivenom, wrap
-hospital: airway, respiratory failure, 2-large bore IVs, airway equipment at
bedside, anti-venom if available. Once tx is started, elevate to level of heart to
prevent COMPARTMENT SYNDROME.
SPIDER - Correct Answer--can have MODS and anaphylaxis
-prehospital: ice/cold to bite- VASOCONSTRICT TO PREVENT FROM GOING
ANYWHERE ELSE, no heat,
brown recluse - Correct Answer-elevate bc swelling, wound care bc tissue will
become necrotic, bed rest
black widow - Correct Answer-MORE DANGEROUS. can shoot BP, cardiogenic
shock, resp arrest, seizures. If no antivenom: Supportive care with advanced care
life support.
Hypothermia - Correct Answer-synthetic clothing- MOVES MOISTURE AWAY,
NO COTTON- can hold moisture and makes you colder, remove wet socks/gloves,
DON'T wear too many socks/gloves- will restrict blood flow, layer clothing,
polyester fleece, windproof/waterproof clothing, hat, car supplies
-facts: temp <82F = impaired temperature control in any susceptible person
-three categories: - Correct Answer-Mild; 90-95F
Moderate; 82.4-90F
Triage - Correct Answer-score of 1= emergent
Score of 5 = non-urgent
Emergent - Correct Answer-(life threatening): respiratory distress, chest pain,
stroke, active hemorrhage, unstable vital signs
Urgent - Correct Answer-(quickly/not life threatening): severe abdominal pain,
displaced or multiple fx, PNA
Non-urgent - Correct Answer-(can wait without fear of deterioration): skin rash,
strains and sprains, colds, simple fractures
Primary survey - Correct Answer-A: Airway and cervical spine (if cervical spine is
not maintained, airway is not maintained); do they have a patent airway? Do they
need c collar? Do they need O2?
B: Breathing; rescue breathes? Chest trauma?
C: Circulation; hemorrhaging? - large bore IV
D: Disability: Neuro status; Glascow (5-17) 3 is the lowest and at 8 or less you
intubate
E: Exposure: Expose the body, look for evidence. Also think exposure to cold or
heat.
Massive uncontrolled bleeding it changes to CABDE
heat exhaustion - Correct Answer-symptoms r/t DHD
fatal DHD and hyponatremia
-s/s: faint or dizzy, excessive sweating, cool, pale, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse
muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, HA
,-can lead to a heat stroke
-get to a cool, air conditioned place
-drink water, if conscious- CHANGED; DO NOT DRINK WATER. Worsen
hyponatremia because flushing out w normal water.
-take a cool shower or use cold compress
-Heat stroke - Correct Answer-: throbbing HA, no sweating, red, hot, dry skin,
rapid, strong pulse, may lose consciousness, CALL 911. Can suddenly go into a
ventricular arrythmia due to rapid HR - cannot sustain
-can aspirate if take fluids PO
-recommendations: light colored t-shirt (dark shirts pull sunlight and heat in),
sports drink instead of water, salt tablets are not a good option bc can cause N/V/D
losing more electrolytes and fluid.
-heat stroke; body temp can > 104F
-Inability to regulate temp
-emergency care for heat stroke- prehospital - Correct Answer-ensure patent
airway, remove from hot environment, remove clothing, pour/spray cold H20 over
body/scalp (scalp bc brain is cooking), all available people fan patient, use ice if
available-scalp, groin, back of neck, armpits, call 911
-hospital to icu (MODS): - Correct Answer-oxygen by NC, mask, or intubation,
large bore IV prepare for NS (cooled if available), use cooling blanket- no ASA or
antipyretics (in order to work you must have a functioning hypothalamus,
hypothalamus is impaired. Also the liver is failing. When the liver is failing,
platelets are not working. ASA or Tylenol will thin blood more), rectal probe (core
body temp)- assess q15 minutes, insert foley urine output, urinalysis & specific
gravity, serum electrolytes, cardiac enzymes, liver enzymes, CBC, ABG, benzos
for shivering (shivering will raise body temp again)- Ativan, lorazepam, valium
-Stop cooling at 102- body will kick in itself to cool down. *monitor
, -SNAKE: - Correct Answer-most nonpoisonous. Cottons mouths, copperheads,
rattlers, water moccasins.
-prehospital: safety, rest- increased movement= increased circulation= spread
venom, BELOW HEART, jewelry and clothes, 911, picture of snake for
antivenom, wrap
-hospital: airway, respiratory failure, 2-large bore IVs, airway equipment at
bedside, anti-venom if available. Once tx is started, elevate to level of heart to
prevent COMPARTMENT SYNDROME.
SPIDER - Correct Answer--can have MODS and anaphylaxis
-prehospital: ice/cold to bite- VASOCONSTRICT TO PREVENT FROM GOING
ANYWHERE ELSE, no heat,
brown recluse - Correct Answer-elevate bc swelling, wound care bc tissue will
become necrotic, bed rest
black widow - Correct Answer-MORE DANGEROUS. can shoot BP, cardiogenic
shock, resp arrest, seizures. If no antivenom: Supportive care with advanced care
life support.
Hypothermia - Correct Answer-synthetic clothing- MOVES MOISTURE AWAY,
NO COTTON- can hold moisture and makes you colder, remove wet socks/gloves,
DON'T wear too many socks/gloves- will restrict blood flow, layer clothing,
polyester fleece, windproof/waterproof clothing, hat, car supplies
-facts: temp <82F = impaired temperature control in any susceptible person
-three categories: - Correct Answer-Mild; 90-95F
Moderate; 82.4-90F
