Pediatric Respiratory Care Final Exam

Pediatric Respiratory Care Final Exam The term infant has approximately _______ million alveoli - 50 What are the five stages of lung development - embryonal, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar the lung bud emerges from the - pharynx the lung bud elongates and forms - two bronchial buds and the trachea most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first ________years of life - 1.5 an abnormal opening in the prenatal diaphragm that allows some of the abdominal organs to move into the chest and exert pressure on the developing lungs - diaphragmatic hernia reduced amniotic fluid for an extended period of time and is associated with lung hypoplasia - oligohydramnios failure of the lungs to develop in utero, is a relatively common abnormality of lung development - pulmonary hypoplasia flat cells serving as a think gas-permeable membrane for the diffusion of gases and a barrier against water and solute leakage, accounting for more than 97% of the alveolar surface area - Type I pneumocytes Cuboidal appearing involved in surfactant production, storage, secretion, and reuse. Surfactant storage occurs in the lamellar bodies - Type II pneumocytes the primary role of surfactant - to lower the surface tension within the alveolus, specifically at the air-liquid interface. surfactant is composed predominantly of an intricate blend of - phospholipids, neutral lipids, and proteins the fetal lungs secrete around ________ml of liquid per day - 250-300 shunts the blood around the fetal liver, appears continuous with the umbilical cord - ductus venosus the fetal shunt the bypass the lungs and moves blood into the aorta - ductus arteriosus formed during septation of atria, the blood flows inferior vena cava into the left atrium through the - foramen ovale to prepare for the assessment and of a newborn the neonatal assessment team should at least know - if the mother is in premature labor, approximate gestational age of the infant, the number of babies expected, if meconium present heat loss of the infant can be greatly reduced by - rapidly drying the infant's skin, removing wet linens, and wrapping the infant in prewarmed blankets negative pressure of the suction apparatus should not exceed - 90-100 mm Hg 3 acceptable ways of stimulating an infant include - flicking the bottoms of the feet, gently rubbing the back, drying with a towel immediately after birth, the initial assessment process should include - the newborn's respirations, heart rate, and skin color apgar score is an evaluation of newborns based on five factors - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and skin color when an apgar score is less than 7 - additional scores are usually obtained at 5 minutes intervals until the score is greater than 7 during resuscitation breaths should be delivered at a rate of - 40 to 60 breaths/min chest compression to breath ratio - 1 breath to every 3 compressions after ____ minutes of continuous and adequate resuscitative efforts, discontinuation of resuscitation may be justified if there are no signs of live - 10 normal infant heart rate - 120-170 beats/minute capillary refill should be less than - 3 seconds acrocyanosis - blue hands and feet with decreased perfusion an extremely pale or mottled infant suggests - hypotension or anemia a ruddy, reddish blue appearance is associated with - high hematocrit or polycythemia normal newborn respiratory rate - 40 to 60 breaths/minute silverman scoring system - assesses the magnitude of respiratory distress 0 on the silverman scoring system is indicative - normal newborn protruding xiphoid process also called pigeon chest - pectus carinatum funnel chest - pectus excavatum use of a high energy flashlight or fiberoptic device in a darkened room, placing the light source on the suspected side - transillumination an excessively pink and illuminated chest wall upon trans illumination is indicative of - pneumothorax a scaphoid, hollowed, or unusually flattened abdomen may be associated with - congenital diaphragmatic hernia