CHAPT 24 - Older Adult

CHAPT 24 - Older Adult Which factor contributes to older adults living longer, healthier lives? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Immunizations b). Health care services c). Technological advances d). Chronic conditions e). Income disparity - a). Immunizations b). Health care services c). Technological advances Which statement is characteristic of the older adult population? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). At age 85 and older, men outnumber women. b). The number of adults age 65 and older will double by 2060. c). Older adult is defined as age 65 and older. d). From 2000 to 2040, the number of older adults will double. e). The baby boom makes up one-half of the older adults. - b). The number of adults age 65 and older will double by 2060. c). Older adult is defined as age 65 and older. d). From 2000 to 2040, the number of older adults will double. Rank in order from the most commonly reported to least commonly reported major sources of income of older adults in 2015. - 1). SSI = 84% 2). Income from assets = 63% 3). Private Pensions = 37% 4). Earnings = 29% Which characteristic of an older adult increases the risk for poverty? a). Earned a college degree b). Lives in an economically depressed area c). Shares housing with their adult children d). Accesses medical care easily - b). Lives in an economically depressed area Which reason accounts for higher medical expenses for older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Medicare payments after age 65 b). Home health care c). Assisted living facilities d). Retirement community costs e). Living in their own home - b). Home health care c). Assisted living facilities d). Retirement community costs Which action would an older adult who is age 85 avoid when considering health improvement strategies? a). Change diet b). Stop smoking c). Strength training d). Balance exercises - c). Strength training Which goal is part of Healthy People 2020? a). Create environments for older adult health b). Attain lives with minimal disability c). Promote healthy behaviors in children d). Achieve health equity across all groups - d). Achieve health equity across all groups Which goal is included in Healthy People 2030? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Increase the number of adults with hearing loss who use a hearing aid b). Reduce the rate of auto crashes caused by drowsy driving c). Increase the number of adults who get insufficient sleep d). Reduce the number of older adults who use inappropriate medications e). Increase the number of older adults who visit the emergency department due to falls - a). Increase the number of adults with hearing loss who use a hearing aid b). Reduce the rate of auto crashes caused by drowsy driving d). Reduce the number of older adults who use inappropriate medications Which factor contributes to decreased quality of care in older adults? a). Effective treatments b). Care coordinators c). Person-centered care d). Language barriers - d). Language barriers Which condition contributes to the leading causes of death in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Alzheimer disease b). Hypertension c). Medicare insurance d). Finished education only through eighth grade e). Caucasian - a). Alzheimer disease b). Hypertension d). Finished education only through eighth grade Which population segment is growing at the fastest rate? a). College graduates b). Age 85 and older c). Medically uninsured d). Adults with Alzheimer disease - b). Age 85 and older Which statement shows positive change in the health of older adults? a). The poverty rate for older adults has not changed. b). Older adults are more proficient with technology. c). Hispanic older adults have lower incomes than Whites. d). The number of older adults with Alzheimer disease increased. - b). Older adults are more proficient with technology. Which is a contributing factor to untreated chronic illness? a). Lack of insurance b). Increased longevity c). Aging in place d). Home health care - a). Lack of insurance Which statement by an older adult demonstrates an understanding of health-promotion instruction? a). "I don't know what my doctor meant." b). "I have smoked too long to give it up now." c). "My doctor said it won't help to change my lifestyle." d). "My balance exercises will help me prevent falls." - d). "My balance exercises will help me prevent falls." Which health-promotion recommendation will the nurse make to a 60-year-old adult who walks 10 minutes per day and eats fast-food sandwiches for lunch each day? a). Store unfinished medications in the bathroom cabinet. b). Get at least 6 hours of sleep per night. c). Add strength training to your exercise routine. d). Continue your usual diet habits. - c). Add strength training to your exercise routine. Which action by the nurse is designed to meet a goal of Healthy People 2030? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Open a neighborhood senior center. b). Offer a vaccination clinic in the community. c). Encourage older adults to watch televised sports. d). Read reports about health promotion. e). Teach an older adult breathing techniques for COPD. - a). Open a neighborhood senior center. b). Offer a vaccination clinic in the community. e). Teach an older adult breathing techniques for COPD. Which action by the nurse helps the older adult patient meet a goal of Healthy People 2030? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Perform a balance exam on an older adult. b). Reduce the activity of an older adult with cognitive decline. c). Remind the older adult to report taste changes. d). Remind the older adult to discard discontinued medications. e). Refer an older adult to a sleep clinic for evaluation. - a). Perform a balance exam on an older adult. c). Remind the older adult to report taste changes. d). Remind the older adult to discard discontinued medications. e). Refer an older adult to a sleep clinic for evaluation. Which patient situation contributes to health disparity in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). A provider is located in a different town. b). A patient speaks the same language as the provider. c). Providers use a care coordinator for a patient with cancer. d). A patient is insured through Medicare. e). A patient with COPD has a home evaluation. - a). A provider is located in a different town. Which manifestation is a normal response to aging? a). Elevated cholesterol b). Decline in lung vital capacity c). Elevated blood glucose d). Decline in body weight - b). Decline in lung vital capacity Which chronic condition affects at least 60% of people age 65 and older? a). Hyperlipidemia b). Heart failure c). Diabetes mellitus d). Hypertension - d). Hypertension Which patient is at risk for a disparity in health care? a). Hispanic being seen by a Hispanic provider b). Immigrant whose provider is from a different culture c). Non-Hispanic White seeing an Asian provider d). African American whose provider is a neighbor - b). Immigrant whose provider is from a different culture Which aspect is considered a possible component of aging? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Genetics b). Immune system c). Cardiovascular system d). Stress e). Free radicals - a). Genetics b). Immune system d). Stress e). Free radicals Match the theories of aging with the corresponding description. - Older people have their own norms and interact best with their peers = Subculture theory Cells deteriorate over time through continued use = wear-and-tear theory People achieve wisdom by maturation and personal transformation = Gerotranscendence theory Older adults slowly withdraw from roles and activities = Disengagement theory Which patient statement demonstrates motivation in an older adult with impaired mobility from chronic back pain? a). "I think God is punishing me with this back pain." b). "Pain makes it hard for me to enjoy visiting my friends." c). "Let's find a way for me to attend an out-of-state wedding." d). "My body is wearing out from my adventurous life." - c). "Let's find a way for me to attend an out-of-state wedding." Which activity is intended to prevent frailty in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Watch televised sports b). Ride a bicycle c). Get a shingles vaccine d). Wash bedding regularly e). Play pickle ball - b). Ride a bicycle c). Get a shingles vaccine e). Play pickle ball Which patient characteristic indicates the older adult is a candidate for geriatric assessment? a). Gaining weight b). Family lives nearby c). Mild memory loss d). Is 74 years old - c). Mild memory loss (Candidates for geriatric assessment share several characteristics, which include age older than 80, history of frequent falls, weight loss, depression, and mild memory loss) Which response will the nurse provide a patient who finds a high risk of obesity in the results of a direct-to-consumer genetic kit? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Eat more plant-based foods. b). Don't worry about the risk. c). Exercise regularly. d). Increase water intake. e). Reduce sugary food and drinks. - a). Eat more plant-based foods. c). Exercise regularly. d). Increase water intake. e). Reduce sugary food and drinks. Which factor places older adults at risk for chronic illnesses? a). Reduced vital capacity b). Environmental toxins c). Regular exercise d). Eating a plant-based diet - b). Environmental toxins Which chronic disorder has a higher incidence in men? a). Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders b). Hyperlipidemia c). Ischemic heart disease d). Osteoporosis - a). Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders Which health care provider coordinates the geriatric assessment? a). Geriatric psychiatrist b). Nutritionist c). Dentist d). Nurse practitioner - a). Geriatric psychiatrist Which patient characteristic indicates that an older adult might benefit from a geriatric assessment? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Frequently confuses the medications taken regularly b). Has a history of frequent falls c). Needs health teaching d). Neighbor checks in daily e). Has been hospitalized three times in 2 months - a). Frequently confuses the medications taken regularly b). Has a history of frequent falls e). Has been hospitalized three times in 2 months Which action by the nurse will help an older adult maintain or initiate a healthier lifestyle? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Provide information about online health monitoring applicationsInform b). Medicare-eligible patients about free exercise programs like Silver c). SneakersSend reminder cards for medical appointments d). Encourage patients who smoke to switch to vaping e). Inform older women they can stop breast cancer screening - a). Provide information about online health monitoring applicationsInform b). Medicare-eligible patients about free exercise programs like Silver c). SneakersSend reminder cards for medical appointments Match the recommended daily allowance (RDA) to the activity level. - Sedentary men 56 to 60 years = 2,200 cals Active men aged 56 to 60 = 2,600 cals Moderately active women aged 56 to 60 years = 1,800 cals Sedentary women aged 56 to 60 years = 1,600 cals Which possible cause of nutritional disorders can occur in older adults in long-term care facilities? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Access to food may be limited. b). Adaptations for religious needs are common. c). Meals may have excess fat and salt. d). Food is unappealing. e). Fresh fruits and vegetables are plentiful. - c). Meals may have excess fat and salt. d). Food is unappealing. Which outcome is a benefit of a 3% weight loss in the older adult population? a). Elevated cholesterol b). Reduced inflammation c). Reduced muscle mass d). Elevated blood pressure - b). Reduced inflammation (A weight loss of as little as 3% can reduce inflammation, cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels) Which action will help a patient control urinary incontinence? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Increase dietary fiber b). Plan a voiding schedule c). Initiate aerobic exercise d). Perform Kegel exercises e). Eliminate dietary caffeine - b). Plan a voiding schedule d). Perform Kegel exercises e). Eliminate dietary caffeine Which benefit is associated with regular aerobic exercise and strength training for older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Reduced risk of falls b). Increased years of life c). Enhanced quality of life d). Avoidance of all illnesses e). Prevention of normal changes of aging f). Improvement in chronic health problems - a). Reduced risk of falls b). Increased years of life c). Enhanced quality of life f). Improvement in chronic health problems hich exercise for older adults is most popular? a). Golf b). Running c). Swimming d). Weight-lifting - c). Swimming Which benefit is associated with a good night's sleep in older adults? a). Elimination of stroke risk b). Motivation to exercise c). Increased daytime napping d). Improved immune function - d). Improved immune function (Improved immune function is associated with quality sleep in older adults, which leads to a decrease in illnesses and a high quality of life) Which measure improves sleep in older adults? a). Regular bedtime and wake-up schedule b). Bedtime ritual including one glass of wine c). Prescription medication for sleep as needed d). Development of an evening exercise routine - a). Regular bedtime and wake-up schedule Which nutritional risk factor is associated with older adults in the United States? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Solitary living b). Fixed income c). Food insecurity d). Geographic isolation e). Limited transportation f). Living in the community - a). Solitary living b). Fixed income c). Food insecurity d). Geographic isolation e). Limited transportation f). Living in the community Which normal change of aging interferes with the nutritional status of older adults? a). Cognitive decline b). Lifelong eating habits c). Cultural food preferences d). Deterioration in sense of taste - d). Deterioration in sense of taste Which characteristic is associated with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)? a). Fifty percent of eligible older adults do not apply. b). It is available to all adults over 65 years of age. c). Four out of five qualified individuals use this benefit. d). Social stigma is a barrier for use of the program. - d). Social stigma is a barrier for use of the program. Which factor is associated with changes in the bowel and bladder function of older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Medications b). Loss of bladder tone c). Environmental changes d). Lack of physical activity e). Decreased intake of fluids f). Decrease in gastrointestinal motility - a). Medications c). Environmental changes d). Lack of physical activity e). Decreased intake of fluids f). Decrease in gastrointestinal motility Which type of urinary incontinence refers to an inability to delay voiding after the bladder is full? a). Urge b). Stress c). Functional d). Postvoid residual - a). Urge Which statement describes engagement in physical activity by older adults? a). Strength training can increase the risk of falls. b). Lack of green spaces contributes to exercise disparities. c). Women are more likely to meet activity guidelines than men. d). Normal changes of aging prevent an older adult from exercising. - b). Lack of green spaces contributes to exercise disparities. Stress incontinence refers to what? - It's the most common form of incontinence that occurs during exercise or when coughing, laughing, or sneezing. Functional incontinence refers to what? - It's the most common form of incontinence that is associated with environmental barriers, physical limitations, or cognitive impairments in which the person is unable to reach the toilet. Postvoid residual refers to what? - This occurs when the bladder does not empty completely and becomes over-distended and may be caused by a blockage in the urinary tract, such as an enlarged prostate gland. Which condition may affect an older person's cognition? a). Untreatable health problems b). An increase in brain weight c). Dementia as an expected change of aging d). A shift in the proportion of matter in the brain - d). A shift in the proportion of matter in the brain (A shift in the proportion of gray matter to white matter occurs in older adults; the effect on cognition is also related to other factors, such as lifestyle, environmental exposures, and social factors) What statement describes the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)? a). The exam is difficult to use in adults with visual impairments. b). A problem with cognition is associated with scores above 23. c). Results are predictive of the degree of cognitive decline that will develop. d). The instrument is most sensitive for early stages of cognitive impairment. - a). The exam is difficult to use in adults with visual impairments. (The MMSE is difficult to use in older adults with visual impairments. For example, components of the instrument such as following a written instruction or identifying a common object are difficult for those who are visually impaired) Which vision issue occurs in older adults due to age and structural changes? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Visual acuity decreases. b). Central vision diminishes. c). An inability to maintain focus on far objects develops. d). Color discrimination becomes less acute. e). The lens of the eye thickens and becomes yellow. f). There is a reduced risk of increased intraocular pressure. - a). Visual acuity decreases. d). Color discrimination becomes less acute. (Color discrimination becomes less acute in older adults as the cells of the retina decline in sensitivity) e). The lens of the eye thickens and becomes yellow. (Cataracts, in which the lens of the eye thickens and becomes yellow, are a common age-related visual change in adults) Which characteristic is associated with Erikson's theory of development regarding older adults? a). Emotional growth declines in later years. b). Ego transcendence involves the acceptance of death. c). Elimination of despair is necessary for emotional health. d). Body preoccupation refers to an acceptance of the physical changes of aging. - b). Ego transcendence involves the acceptance of death. (Ego transcendence involves the acceptance of physical decline and eventual death by older adults, as opposed to ego preoccupation, in which the focus is on physical ailments and how little time is left) Match the theorist who built upon Erikson's work to the description of their concept regarding aging. - Emphasized that major life transitions are influenced by evolving physiologic, psychological, and role-oriented changes instead of life stages = LEVINSON Focused on developmental life tasks instead of stages and suggested that generativity tripled the chances for more joy than despair for older adults in their 70s = VAILLANT Criticized Erikson and other theorists for addressing only males and focused on the role of interpersonal connections in female development = GILLIGAN Focused on the continued potential for growth in old age and proposed that older adults develop a social portfolio that facilitates moving through the phases of aging = COHEN Which statement describes reminiscence as a method for helping older adults accomplish the task of ego integrity versus despair? a). Is successful for older adults of all cognitive levels b). Provides older adults with substantial physiologic health benefits c). Has been used to treat mild to moderate anxiety in adults residing in nursing homes d). Involves taking an individual through their life in a structured and chronological order - a). Is successful for older adults of all cognitive levels (Reminiscence assists individuals with dementia to remember events, people, and places from their past lives and is appropriate for adults at all cognitive levels) Which statement describes older adults in the role of grandparent-caregiver? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). The role may lead to role confusion and stress. b). The role results in negative levels of self-care. c). The role is associated with feelings of joy and happiness. d). The role is a common family style in the United States. e). Support groups can assist with stress management. f). Coping strategies must be evaluated for effectiveness. - a). The role may lead to role confusion and stress. d). The role is a common family style in the United States. e). Support groups can assist with stress management. f). Coping strategies must be evaluated for effectiveness. Which factor is a predictor of satisfaction in retirement? a). Age at the time of retirement b). Autonomy in the decision to retire c). Number of years of prior employment d). Adequacy of health insurance coverage - b). Autonomy in the decision to retire Which nursing intervention assists a retired adult in adapting to their lost role? a). Initiates a referral to a bereavement group b). Focuses on physiologic needs to promote optimal health c). Provides information on subsidized work programs d). Develops an understanding of the individual's usual behavior - d). Develops an understanding of the individual's usual behavior (A nursing intervention that assists an individual in adapting to their lost role is to develop an understanding of their usual behavior as well as deviations from that behavior. The nurse is then able to develop individualized health-promotion activities to assist the older adult with adjusting to the loss of the work role following retirement) Which statement describes postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in older adults? a). Is associated with hypoxia during surgery b). Refers to a short-term change in cognition c). Prompt intervention reverses the symptoms d). Cognitive changes may include hallucinations - d). Cognitive changes may include hallucinations (Cognitive changes experienced by older adults with POCD include hallucinations as well as anxiety, depression, blurred vision, and inability to sleep. The symptoms can, however, be subtle and extend over months) Match the sensory change associated with aging to the description. - Refers to a progressive sensorineural hearing loss that results in difficulty filtering background noise and understanding higher-pitched voices = Presbycusis A loss of accommodation that results in the inability to maintain focus on objects close to the eye = Presbyopia Describes a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure = Glaucoma A condition in which vision is affected when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes yellow = Cataracts Which intervention assists with maintaining the skin integrity of older adults? a). Elevating the head of the bed b). Changing position every 3 hours c). Maintaining proper body alignment d). Supplementing the diet with vitamin D - c). Maintaining proper body alignment (Maintaining proper body alignment through actions such as elevating the extremities or using specialty beds or positioning pillows promotes the maintenance of skin integrity in older adults) Which characteristic describes the psychosocial health of older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Engagement in socialization has benefits. b). Older adults progress through one developmental change. c). Emotional growth ceases in the later years of adulthood. d). Psychosocial health is influenced by an ability to come to terms with the life one has lived. e). Variability in self-concept is similar to that of the general population. f). Reminiscence programs are associated with enhanced well-being. - a). Engagement in socialization has benefits. d). Psychosocial health is influenced by an ability to come to terms with the life one has lived. e). Variability in self-concept is similar to that of the general population. f). Reminiscence programs are associated with enhanced well-being. Which statement describes a social portfolio? a). Promotes continued growth in older adulthood b). Consists of a standardized list of vital activities that can be engaged in c). Proposed by Erikson to facilitate moving through various phases of aging d). Is contraindicated for individuals faced with serious disability or loss - a). Promotes continued growth in older adulthood (A social portfolio promotes continued growth in older adulthood through the development of individualized lists of activities that can be engaged in) Which theorist brought forth the modern concept of old age and is considered the founder of geriatric psychiatry? a). Cohen b). Vaillant c). Gilligan d). Levinson - a). Cohen (Dr. Gene Cohen brought forth the modern concept of old age and is considered the founding father of geriatric psychiatry. Cohen focused on the continued potential for growth in old age and demonstrated that creativity increases in old age) Which characteristic is associated with self-perception in older adulthood? a). A loss of roles can result in a grief response. b). New roles do not evolve to replace those that are lost. c). The general framework changes throughout the life-span. d). The source of an individual's self-perception remains constant. - a). A loss of roles can result in a grief response. (A loss of roles in older adulthood, such as the illness or death of a partner, may result in responses such as grieving, sadness, or potentially depression) Which nursing action eases the stress associated with the caregiving experience for grandparent-caregivers? a). Provides encouragement and support b). Reminds the adult that being a grandparent is a time of joy c). Instructs to rely on childrearing practices used in the past d). Informs that stress is an aspect of the role that cannot be relieved - a). Provides encouragement and support Which statement describes an intervention by the nurse that supports older adults going through role changes? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Helps with exploring new roles b). Refers to a support group if indicated c). Assists to identify the meaning of the loss d). Encourages to maintain existing relationships e). Facilitates communication about their reactions f). Understands the effect of personality on activity - a). Helps with exploring new roles b). Refers to a support group if indicated c). Assists to identify the meaning of the loss d). Encourages to maintain existing relationships e). Facilitates communication about their reactions f). Understands the effect of personality on activity Valliant - Moved from an emphasis on "stages" to focus on developmental tasks of life and theorized that generatively grows out of one's career. Gilligan - Criticized theories such as those of Vaillant and Levinson that addressed only male development and focused her work primarily on the unique role of interpersonal connections in female development Levinson - Moved away from Erikson's focus on the role of tensions that emerge during life stages to an emphasis on the influences of physiologic, psychological, and role-oriented life changes on older adults. Which myth is associated with sexual activity among older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Older people should not have sex. b). Most older men have erectile dysfunction. c). The aging body is no longer considered sexy. d). Sexual contact correlates with enhanced health. e). Women continue to have sexual desire after menopause. f). Sexual activity is prohibited due to physical impairments. - a). Older people should not have sex. b). Most older men have erectile dysfunction. c). The aging body is no longer considered sexy. f). Sexual activity is prohibited due to physical impairments. Which challenge affects sex in older adults? a). The need to express sexuality declines. b). Men experience an inability to ejaculate. c). A lack of circulating hormones leads to changes in the sexual system. d). Sexual intercourse is often contraindicated due to chronic conditions. - c). A lack of circulating hormones leads to changes in the sexual system. Which statement describes sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and older adults? a). STIs are not a health concern for this population. b). Only 10% of men older than 61 years of age use condoms. c). Educational campaigns on STIs are focused on young adults. d). Cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have decreased. - c). Educational campaigns on STIs are focused on young adults. Which key factor supports an older adult in maintaining their self-concept? a). Financial stability b). Avoidance of losses c). Lack of decline in functioning d). Ability to cope with common stressors - d). Ability to cope with common stressors (An ability to cope with common stressors supports an older adult in maintaining their self-concept. All older adults experience losses and declines, such as the loss of a spouse or a decline in health, and their ability to cope is a key factor in their ability to maintain their self-concept) Which statement describes depression in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Worsens the outcome of many illnesses b). Mainly affects individuals with chronic illnesses c). Susceptibility is associated with age-related processes d). Symptoms can be successfully managed following diagnosis e). Occurs in the majority of individuals in older adulthood f). Instruments are available to assess depression in older adults - a). Worsens the outcome of many illnesses b). Mainly affects individuals with chronic illnesses c). Susceptibility is associated with age-related processes d). Symptoms can be successfully managed following diagnosis f). Instruments are available to assess depression in older adults Which characteristic is associated with suicide in older adults in the United States? a). Suicides among older adults may be underreported by 30%. b). Medical illnesses are a risk factor. c). Highest rates are in men over the age of 75. d). Deaths are less likely than in attempts by younger persons. - b). Medical illnesses are a risk factor. Which effect is related to a delay in seeking treatment for health problems by members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) older adult population? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Social stigma b). Discrimination c). Decreased longevity d). Increased health care cost e). Denial of their human rights f). Higher incidences of complications - c). Decreased longevity d). Increased health care cost f). Higher incidences of complications Which barrier prevents older adults from fulfilling their needs for intimacy and sexuality in long-term care facilities? a). Contraindications related to chronic health conditions b). Lack of interest of residents due to the normal aging process c). Insufficient privacy to engage in intimate relationships d). Laws prohibiting sexual activity by residents in institutional settings - c). Insufficient privacy to engage in intimate relationships Which statement describes the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) population of older adults in the United States? a). LGBTQ adults aged 60 and older will number more than 5 million within a few decades. b). This population comprises 5% of adults over 50 years of age. c). This population faces health disparities that are linked to discrimination. d). This population is less likely to delay seeking treatment than other older adults. - c). This population faces health disparities that are linked to discrimination. Which characteristic is related to the spirituality of older adults? a). Concept is broad and framed by the individual b). Must be exercised through a religious framework c). Impact on quality of life among older adults is not well documented d). Is not associated with the ability to cope with the changes of aging - a). Concept is broad and framed by the individual (The concept of spirituality is broad and framed by the individual. Spirituality may be associated with a religious framework or it may be exercised privately) Which assessment finding does the nurse recognize as a sign of depression? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Dementia b). Weight gain c). Sleep disorders d). Suicidal ideation e). Social withdrawal f). Increased appetite - c). Sleep disorders d). Suicidal ideation e). Social withdrawal Which responsibility does the nurse have when caring for chronically ill older adults who are experiencing pain? a). Ensure that patients are comfortable and pain free b). Explain that suffering is an inevitable outcome of old age c). Rely on nonpharmacologic interventions to avoid dependence to medications d). Informs that physician-assisted suicide is illegal throughout the United Sates if the topic is raised - a). Ensure that patients are comfortable and pain free Which recommendation does the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) make for community-dwelling older adults over the age of 65 regarding falls? a). Home hazard modification b). Vitamin D supplementation c). Implementation of an exercise program d). Use of a single instrument to assess risk - c). Implementation of an exercise program Which long-term effect is a result of falls in older adults? a). Osteoporosis b). Decreased mobility c). Sensory impairment d). Neuromuscular dysfunction - b). Decreased mobility (Decreased mobility, as well as a decreased ability to live independently and an increased risk of early death, is a long-term effect that results from falls in older adults) Which statement describes the risk for falls in older adults? a). One fall does not increase the risk for subsequent falls. b). Risk-prevention strategies are ineffective in decreasing falls. c). Fewer than one-third of older adults report falls to their health care provider. d). Risk assessment allows for the development of fall-prevention strategies. - d). Risk assessment allows for the development of fall-prevention strategies. (Fall risk assessment for older adults allows for the development of fall-prevention strategies and supports the Healthy People 2030 objectives of reducing fall-related emergency room visits and deaths) Which action by an older adult increases their risk related to high temperatures and humidity? a). Wears light-colored loose clothing b). Increases fluid intake to maintain hydration c). Decreases salt intake to prevent hypertension d). Remains inside when temperature is above 90°F - c). Decreases salt intake to prevent hypertension Which information will the nurse include in a presentation to older adults on the prevention of hypothermia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Decrease alcohol intake. b). Set room temperature to 70°F. c). Apply several layers of clothing. d). Use an electric blanket or heating pad. e). Wear caps, mittens, and socks to bed. f). Seek medical attention for rectal temperature of 95°F. - a). Decrease alcohol intake. b). Set room temperature to 70°F. c). Apply several layers of clothing. e). Wear caps, mittens, and socks to bed. Which disease for which immunizations are available is a significant cause of morbidity and death in older adults? a). Tetanus b). Shingles c). Influenza d). Diphtheria - c). Influenza Which measure has enhanced access to immunizations for older adults? a). Coverage of costs by Medicare b). Tracking of data using electronic health records c). Availability of immunizations in primary care settings d). Implementation of immunization programs in public places - d). Implementation of immunization programs in public places Which theory has been proposed as a cause for the large proportion of cancer in older adults in the United States? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Decreased immune function b). Longer exposure to carcinogens c). Decreased cellular healing ability d). Presence of comorbid conditions e). Increase of tumor-suppressing genes f). Increased susceptibility in the older body - a). Decreased immune function b). Longer exposure to carcinogens c). Decreased cellular healing ability f). Increased susceptibility in the older body Which major barrier affects drug adherence by older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Affordability b). Sensory deficits c). Lack of knowledge d). Adverse side effects e). Cognitive impairments f). Clear dosage information - a). Affordability b). Sensory deficits c). Lack of knowledge d). Adverse side effects e). Cognitive impairments Which factor increases the vulnerability of older adults to the effects of alcohol and illicit drugs? a). Cognitive decline b). Nutritional deficiencies c). Decreased physical ability d). Less efficient detoxification - d). Less efficient detoxification Which statement describes the effect of tobacco use by older adults? a). It is an important positive predictor of longevity. b). Nicotine interferes with the effect of medications. c). Smoking cessation is not beneficial in adults over the age of 65 years. d). Problems are usually identified before signs and symptoms occur. - b). Nicotine interferes with the effect of medications. Which statement describes unintentional injuries by falls for older adults in the United States? a). One in four older adults falls each year. b). They are the leading cause of morbidity and death. c). More than 75% of hip fractures are caused by falls. d). Falls lead to 2 million emergency department visits annually. - b). They are the leading cause of morbidity and death. (More than 95%, not 75%, of hip fractures in older adults are caused by falls) Which risk factor is associated with the development of osteoporosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Small, thin frame b). History of cigarette smoking c). Diet low in sources of calcium d). Family history of osteoporosis e). Insufficient intake of vitamin C f). Repeated intake of opioid drugs - a). Small, thin frame b). History of cigarette smoking c). Diet low in sources of calcium d). Family history of osteoporosis Which statistic is associated with motor vehicle accidents by older adults in the United States? a). Most traffic fatalities involving older adults occur at night. b). An average of 400 older adults experience an injury from a car crash each day. c). Older drivers involved in fatal accidents have higher blood alcohol levels than younger drivers. d). In two-vehicle fatal crashes involving younger drivers, the older driver's vehicle is usually struck. - d). In two-vehicle fatal crashes involving younger drivers, the older driver's vehicle is usually struck. Which statement describes influenza vaccinations for older adults? a). Are administered on a biannual basis b). Are composed of active virus c). Are an important factor in reducing morbidity d). Contraindicated in individuals with shellfish allergies - c). Are an important factor in reducing morbidity Which characteristic is associated with prostate cancer in the United States? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Leading cause of cancer among men b). Second leading cause of cancer deaths in men c). Is highly curable if detected while still localized d). Four major options are available for treatment e). 8% of men will receive a prostate cancer diagnosis f). Is detected through the use of one type of screening technique - a). Leading cause of cancer among men b). Second leading cause of cancer deaths in men c). Is highly curable if detected while still localized d). Four major options are available for treatment e). 8% of men will receive a prostate cancer diagnosis Which statement describes breast cancer in women in the United States? a). Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths. b). Breast cancer is developed by one out of 10 women in their lifetime. c). Three-quarters of all cases occur in women over the age of 60. d). Women who have never had children are at increased risk. - d). Women who have never had children are at increased risk. (Women who have never had children, as well as women who had their first child over the age of 30, are at increased risk for breast cancer) Which factor increases the risk of undesirable side effects of medications in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Polypharmacy b). Herbal remedies c). Age-related changes d). Cognitive impairment e). Lack of health literacy f). Use of over-the-counter supplements - a). Polypharmacy b). Herbal remedies c). Age-related changes d). Cognitive impairment e). Lack of health literacy f). Use of over-the-counter supplements Which major barrier affects drug adherence in older adults? a). Affordability b). Concern of adverse effects c). Insufficient trust in health care providers d). Need for assistance with medication management - a). Affordability (Affordability is a major barrier affecting drug adherence in older adults. For example, Medicare Part D provides prescription coverage; however, it involves additional costs. Lower-income older adults who are not eligible for Medicaid may lack the financial resources to purchase their medications) Which factor is associated with substance abuse by older adults? a). Substance abuse affects approximately 20% of this population. b). Fifty percent of adults aged 65 years or older drink alcohol. c). Alcohol and drug abuse problems have been underestimated. d). Older adults infrequently consume large amounts of alcohol at a time. - c). Alcohol and drug abuse problems have been underestimated. To which community resource will the acute care nurse refer older adults immediately after discharge while they are motivated? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Adult day care center b). Home-delivered meals c). Housekeeping services d). Smoking cessation program e). Stress management workshop f). Weight loss and exercise program - a). Adult day care center d). Smoking cessation program e). Stress management workshop f). Weight loss and exercise program Which statement describes the importance of considering health literacy when providing health teaching to older adults? a). Prevents adverse health outcomes b). Promotes appropriate decision-making c). Eliminates the need for community referrals d). Guarantees adherence with the plan of care - b). Promotes appropriate decision-making (Health literacy is an important component when providing health teaching to older adults, as it promotes appropriate decision-making. For example, health literacy, or an ability to understand basic health information, is a necessary component of medication management) Which criterion must be met for an individual to be eligible for palliative care? a). Diagnosis of cancer b). Presence of a serious illness c). Prognosis of 6 months or less d). Discontinuation of curative treatment - b). Presence of a serious illness (An individual must be diagnosed with a serious illness to be eligible for palliative care) Which statement describes continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Mission is "aging in place" b). Provides a homelike setting c). Full-service community setting d). Role and availability of nurses vary e). Costs less than skilled nursing facility f). Requires commitment to long-term contract - a). Mission is "aging in place" (The mission of CCRCs is "aging in place," which means that services such as a change to skilled nursing care can be expanded as needs change) c). Full-service community setting (A CCRC is a full-service community setting and provides a continuum of care that extends from retirement services to skilled nursing care) f). Requires commitment to long-term contract Which nursing action demonstrates cultural awareness? a). Incorporation of customs and rituals into the plan of care b). Identifying the cultural background of the patient and family c). Self-examination of one's own cultural background d). Provision of health care providers that look like their patients - c). Self-examination of one's own cultural background Which benefit was included in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that strengthened Medicare? a). Low-cost annual wellness visits b). Free or low-cost preventive services c). Omission of income eligibility requirements d). Smoking-cessation counseling for all recipients - b). Free or low-cost preventive services Which characteristic is associated with a reverse mortgage? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a). Enables older adults to remain in their home b). Serves as a source of income supplementation c). The value of the residence is paid in a lump sum d). May prevent the need to move if an illness arises e). Residence is purchased by a bank or private business f). Mortgager owns the property upon the death of the mortgagee - a). Enables older adults to remain in their home b). Serves as a source of income supplementation d). May prevent the need to move if an illness arises e). Residence is purchased by a bank or private business f). Mortgager owns the property upon the death of the mortgagee Which area should nurses focus on with older adults to ensure optimal care is provided? a). Health-promotion activities b). Assessing for acute illnesses c). Management of chronic conditions d). Monitoring losses related to normal aging - a). Health-promotion activities Match the long-term care housing option to the service that is provided. - The individual is functionally able to care for themselves, and services may not be provided = Independent living Assistance with coordinating community-based services is provided = Retirement community? Provides monitoring of medications as well as 24-hour protective oversight = Assisted living? Services include 24-hour nursing supervision and medication administration = Nursing facility Which statement describes hospice services? a). The goal is to facilitate a "good death." b). Hospice only requires being diagnosed with a serious illness. c). Hospice provides for the continuation of curative treatments. d). Hospice relieves families from the responsibility of caregiving. - a). The goal is to facilitate a "good death." Which nursing action demonstrates attainment of cultural awareness? a). Identifies personal cultural biases b). Uses interpreters and translation services c). Increases understanding about population-specific beliefs d). Understands that individuals may become acculturated - b). Uses interpreters and translation services Match the service that is available to older adults in the United States to the description. - Covers hospitalization expenses for adults aged 65 and older = Covers basic expenses and plays an important role in reducing the poverty levels among older adults = Provides health coverage to over 7 million older adults in the United States who have limited income and assets = Are purchased from private insurance companies and cover copayments and deductibles = medigap policies Which statement describes long-term care insurance? a). Care is restricted to long-term care facilities. b). Availability is restricted to select insurance agencies. c). Policies provide an option to hire a personal caregiver. d). Exclusions preventing care are prohibited from the contracts. - c). Policies provide an option to hire a personal caregiver. Which intervention for an older adult is a health-promotion strategy? a). Instructing on home safety measures b). Assessing for adverse effects of medications c). Referring to aquatic therapy to reduce pain from arthritis d). Assisting with scheduling appointments for acute illnesses - a). Instructing on home safety measures (Instructions on home safety measures is a health-promotion strategy for older adults, as it addresses functional needs and prevents injuries)