Chapter 1 - General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry Structures of Life

Chapter 1 - General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry Structures of Life 100 cm = ? m - 1 m 10mm = ? cm - 1 cm 1m = ? in - 39.4 in 2.54 cm = ? in - 1 in 1m = ? yd - 1.09 yd 1L = ? mL - 1000 mL 1L = ? qt - 1.06 qt. 1qt = ? mL - 946 mL 1000L = ? cubed meters - 1 cubed meters 1 kg = ? g - 1000 g 1kg = ? lb - 2.20 lb 454 g = ? lb - 1 lb Water freezes at what temp F? - 32F Water freezes at what temp C? - 0 Water boils at what temp F? - 212 Water boils at what temp C? - 100 Convert F to C - 1.8(C) + 32 Convert C to K - C + 273.15 Measured Numbers - Numbers you obtain when you measure a quantity using a measuring tool. Exact Numbers - Are those numbers obtained by counting items or using a definition that compares two units in the same measuring system. (EX: 8 doughnuts; 1 qt = 4 cups) A number is a Sig Fig if it is - 1.Not a zero (4.5) 2.One or more zeros between nonzero digits (205) 3. One or more zeros at the end of a decimal number (50.0) 4. In the Coefficient of a number written in Scientific Notation (5.70 x 10) A number is NOT a Sig Fig if it is - 1. At the beginning of a decimal (.00004) 2. Used as a place holder in a large number without a decimal point (250000) Rules for Rounding Off - 1. If the first digit to be dropped is 4 or less, then it and all following digits are simply dropped from the number. 2. If the first digit to be dropped is 5 or greater, then the last retained digit of the number is increased by 1. Multiplication and Division rules for Sig Figs - In multiplication and division the final is written so it has the same number of Sig Figs as the measurement with the fewest Sig Figs. Addition and Subtraction rules for Sig Figs - In addition and subtraction the final answer is written so that it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement having the fewest decimal places. Solve : 24.65 x 0.67 - 17 Solve: 2.85 x 67.4 / 4.39 - 43.8 Solve: 8.00/2.00 - 4.00 Solve: 2.045 + 34.1 - 36.1 Solve: 14.5 - 2.5 - 12.0 Density = - mass of substance/volume of substance Convert 164 lb to kilograms (pg 29 in text) - 74.5kg A person has 16% body fat. If this person weights 155lb, what is the mass, in kilograms, of body fat? (pg 31 in text) - 11kg of body fat A lead weight used in the belt of a scuba diver has a mass of 226g. When the lead weight is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 200.0mL of water, the water level rises to 220.0 mL. What is the density of the lead weight (g/mL)? (pg 36 in text) - 11.3g/mL If the density of milk is 1.04 g/mL, how many grams of milk are in 0.50 qt of milk? - 490g (4.9 x 10^2g) Give the Prefix and Equality: peta - P 1,000,000,000,000,000 10^15 Give the Prefix and Equality: tera - T 1,000,000,000,000 10^12 Give the Prefix and Equality: giga - G 1,000,000,000 10^9 Give the Prefix and Equality: mega - M 1,000,000 10^6 Give the Prefix and Equality: kilo - k 1,000 10^3 Give the Prefix and Equality: deci - d .1 10^-1 Give the Prefix and Equality: centi - c .01 10^-2 Give the Prefix and Equality: milli - m .001 10^-3 Give the Prefix and Equality: micro - Symbol on pg 20 .000001 10^-6 Give the Prefix and Equality: nano - n . 10^-9 Give the Prefix and Equality: pico - p .000 10^-12 Give the Prefix and Equality: femto - f .000000 10^-15 Celsius (C) temperature scale - A temperature scale on which water has a freezing point of 0 degrees C and a boiling point off 100 degrees C. Centimeter (cm) - A unit of length in the metric system; there are 2.54 cm in 1 in. Chemical - A substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found. Conversion factor - A ratio in which the numerator and denominator are quantities from an equality or given relationship. For example, the conversion factors for the relationship 1 kg = 2.20 lb are written: 2.20 lb/1 kg and 1 kg/2.20 lb cubic centimeter (cm^3 or cc) - The volume of a cube that has 1 -cm sides; 1 cm^3 is equal to 1 mL. density - The relationship of the mass of an object to its volume expressed as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3), grams per milliliter (g/mL), or grams per liter (g/L). equality - A relationship between two units that measure the same quantity. gram (g) - The metric unit used in measurements of mass. International System of Units (SI) - A system of units that modifies the metric system. Kelvin (K) temperature scale - A temperature scale on which the lowest possible temperature is 0 K. kilogram (kg) - A metric mass of 1000 g and equal to 2.20 lb. The kilogram is the SI standard unit of mass. liter (L) - The metric unit for volume that is slightly larger than a quart. mass - A measure of the quantity of material in an object. meter (m) - The metric unit for length that is slightly longer than a yard. The meter is the SI standard unit of length. metric system - A system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world. milliliter (mL) - A metric unit of volume equal to one-thousandth of a liter (0.001 L). prefix - The part of the name of a metric unit that precedes the base unit and specifies the size of the measurement. All prefixes are related on a decimal scale. scientific notation - A form of writing large and small numbers using a coefficient that is at least 1 but less than 10, followed by a power of 100. second(s) - The standard unit of time in the SI and metric system. significant figures (SFs) - The numbers recorded in a measurement. specific gravity - A relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water: sp gr = density of sample/density of water temperature - An indicator of the hotness or coldness of an object. volume - The amount of space occupied by a substance.