NUR 2102 Test 4 - Musculoskeletal, Neuro,
GI, Renal
What does the muscular system do? - CORRECT ANSWER-- provides stability,
mobility, and protects internal organs against outside forces
- produces blood cells and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
function of bones - CORRECT ANSWER-support for soft tissues and organs and
protection of organs such as brain and spinal cord, body movement, and
hematopoiesis
- function of each bone dictates its shape and surface features
what are is the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton that includes the
facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone
What is the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton includes the
scapula, clavicle, bones of the shoulders and arms and bones of the pelvis and
legs
skeletal muscles are controlled _________? - CORRECT ANSWER-voluntarily
How are joints classified? - CORRECT ANSWER-by the type of material
between them (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and by their degree of movement
Synarthrodial - CORRECT ANSWER-immovable joint (sutures in skull)
amphiarthrodial joints - CORRECT ANSWER-slightly movable joints (pubic
symphysis)
Diarthrodal Joints - CORRECT ANSWER-freely moving joints (knee & DIP joint)
what does synovial fluid do? - CORRECT ANSWER-lubricates the joint to
facilitate its movement in various directions
what is the meniscus? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pad of cartilage that cushions
the joint
,what is a joint capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER-an extension of the periosteum of
the articulating bone, ligaments also encase the capsule to add strength
What are ligaments? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect bone to bone, strong,
dense, flexible, bands of fibrous tissue
what are tendons? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect muscle to bone, strong,
nonelastic cords of collagen located at the ends of muscles to attach them to
bones - support bone movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions
What is cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER-laces nerves, blood vessels, and
lymph vessels. More insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly
what are joints? - CORRECT ANSWER-articulation where two bones meet,
provide range of motion
what are bursae? - CORRECT ANSWER-small fluid filled sacs that reduce stress
from adjacent structure and facilitate movement
how many bones are in the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER-six - one frontal,
two parietal, two temporal, and one occipital
where is the greatest neck mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER-C4-5, C5-6
what is the spine composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-7 cervical vertebrae, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae
- cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are separated from each other by
fibrocartilaginous disks, whereas the sacral vertebrae are fused
when getting a musculoskeletal health history, what are important things to ask
about? - CORRECT ANSWER-- ask if pt has any chronic diseases, loss of bone
density, exercise (how much), sports (repetitive movts can cause injury)
-past medical history - surgery, trauma, fall
,- family history - scoliosis, arthritis
- problem based: point to the pain, get all details of injury, ** problems with daily
activities is important
what are four key areas to address in musculoskeletal assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- onset of symptoms
- paralysis
- deformity
- pain
what are some signs of joint inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER-pain felt in
and around the joint and accompanied by edema, warmth, and erythma
How is bone pain typically described? - CORRECT ANSWER-deep, dull, boring,
and intense - sharp if bone is fractured
how is muscle pain described? - CORRECT ANSWER-cramping
what are things we want to know about pt. symptoms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-when did it start? how did it start? what is it like? numbness?
sharpness? is it occuring after exercise? what makes it better or worse? tx?
what are risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- age : being over
50
- gender: women have less bone tissue and lose it more readily than men
- race: caucasians and asians have increased risk
- bone structures and body weight: small-boned and thin women (under 127 lb
are at greater risk)
- family history
- lifestyle: cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, consuming inadequate
calcium, and performing inadequate weight bearing exercises increase the risk
, - medications to treat chronic diseases: glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants
-sex hormones
what are risk factors for osteoarthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-age: risk
increases with age - by age 85 a person has a one-in-two chance of OA
gender: OA occurs in women over age 45 more than in men, but it occurs in men
under 45 more than women
weight
joint injury
infection
occupations: certain occupations that involve repetitive knee motion
deformity - CORRECT ANSWER-- may occur as a result of dislocations,
fractures, spurs, or enlargement of bones
- when deformity is present, another body part may shift to compensate for the
imbalance
What is important to know about paralysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- time of
onset
- extent of involvement
- progression or regression
- presence or absence of sensory disturbances
-ask:
- is it below the knee? below the waist? below neck?
- are they further losing?
- could be a little tingling or lots of numbness
GI, Renal
What does the muscular system do? - CORRECT ANSWER-- provides stability,
mobility, and protects internal organs against outside forces
- produces blood cells and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
function of bones - CORRECT ANSWER-support for soft tissues and organs and
protection of organs such as brain and spinal cord, body movement, and
hematopoiesis
- function of each bone dictates its shape and surface features
what are is the axial skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton that includes the
facial bones, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone
What is the appendicular skeleton? - CORRECT ANSWER-skeleton includes the
scapula, clavicle, bones of the shoulders and arms and bones of the pelvis and
legs
skeletal muscles are controlled _________? - CORRECT ANSWER-voluntarily
How are joints classified? - CORRECT ANSWER-by the type of material
between them (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and by their degree of movement
Synarthrodial - CORRECT ANSWER-immovable joint (sutures in skull)
amphiarthrodial joints - CORRECT ANSWER-slightly movable joints (pubic
symphysis)
Diarthrodal Joints - CORRECT ANSWER-freely moving joints (knee & DIP joint)
what does synovial fluid do? - CORRECT ANSWER-lubricates the joint to
facilitate its movement in various directions
what is the meniscus? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pad of cartilage that cushions
the joint
,what is a joint capsule? - CORRECT ANSWER-an extension of the periosteum of
the articulating bone, ligaments also encase the capsule to add strength
What are ligaments? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect bone to bone, strong,
dense, flexible, bands of fibrous tissue
what are tendons? - CORRECT ANSWER-Connect muscle to bone, strong,
nonelastic cords of collagen located at the ends of muscles to attach them to
bones - support bone movement in response to skeletal muscle contractions
What is cartilage? - CORRECT ANSWER-laces nerves, blood vessels, and
lymph vessels. More insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly
what are joints? - CORRECT ANSWER-articulation where two bones meet,
provide range of motion
what are bursae? - CORRECT ANSWER-small fluid filled sacs that reduce stress
from adjacent structure and facilitate movement
how many bones are in the cranium? - CORRECT ANSWER-six - one frontal,
two parietal, two temporal, and one occipital
where is the greatest neck mobility? - CORRECT ANSWER-C4-5, C5-6
what is the spine composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER-7 cervical vertebrae, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae
- cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are separated from each other by
fibrocartilaginous disks, whereas the sacral vertebrae are fused
when getting a musculoskeletal health history, what are important things to ask
about? - CORRECT ANSWER-- ask if pt has any chronic diseases, loss of bone
density, exercise (how much), sports (repetitive movts can cause injury)
-past medical history - surgery, trauma, fall
,- family history - scoliosis, arthritis
- problem based: point to the pain, get all details of injury, ** problems with daily
activities is important
what are four key areas to address in musculoskeletal assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- onset of symptoms
- paralysis
- deformity
- pain
what are some signs of joint inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER-pain felt in
and around the joint and accompanied by edema, warmth, and erythma
How is bone pain typically described? - CORRECT ANSWER-deep, dull, boring,
and intense - sharp if bone is fractured
how is muscle pain described? - CORRECT ANSWER-cramping
what are things we want to know about pt. symptoms? - CORRECT
ANSWER-when did it start? how did it start? what is it like? numbness?
sharpness? is it occuring after exercise? what makes it better or worse? tx?
what are risk factors for osteoporosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- age : being over
50
- gender: women have less bone tissue and lose it more readily than men
- race: caucasians and asians have increased risk
- bone structures and body weight: small-boned and thin women (under 127 lb
are at greater risk)
- family history
- lifestyle: cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, consuming inadequate
calcium, and performing inadequate weight bearing exercises increase the risk
, - medications to treat chronic diseases: glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants
-sex hormones
what are risk factors for osteoarthritis? - CORRECT ANSWER-age: risk
increases with age - by age 85 a person has a one-in-two chance of OA
gender: OA occurs in women over age 45 more than in men, but it occurs in men
under 45 more than women
weight
joint injury
infection
occupations: certain occupations that involve repetitive knee motion
deformity - CORRECT ANSWER-- may occur as a result of dislocations,
fractures, spurs, or enlargement of bones
- when deformity is present, another body part may shift to compensate for the
imbalance
What is important to know about paralysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-- time of
onset
- extent of involvement
- progression or regression
- presence or absence of sensory disturbances
-ask:
- is it below the knee? below the waist? below neck?
- are they further losing?
- could be a little tingling or lots of numbness
