Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Review 2024-2025 Edition. Real
Questions & Correct, Verified Answers.
Graded A+
A 75-year old patient is taking Timolol Maleate (Timpotic) for chronic open angle
glaucoma and is well controlled. What side effect might you watch for if Propanolol
(Inderal) is added? - ANSBradycardia.
A patient complains of "puffy feet" shortly after beginning a new medication three
months ago. There is no underlying physiological cause for this condition. What
medication is most likely causing the problem? - ANSAmlodipine (Norvasc).
A patient is taking the ACEI Enalapril (Vasotec) for the last four months for the
treatment of congestive heart failure, and is complaining of a nonproductive cough.
What should the NP advise the patient regarding this side effect? - ANSThe cough
should subside 1-4 days after discontinuing the drug.
A patient presents with a history of GERD and many other medical conditions. What
medication would you encourage her to avoid? - ANSNSAIDs.
Along with diet, what drug is used to treat hypertriglyceridemia? - ANSGemfibrozil
(Lopid).
Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? -
ANSMedroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
Can antacids cause diarrhea? - ANSYes, antacids containing magnesium, which
decrease bowel transit time, may cause diarrhea. Most often seen in renal insufficiency.
Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - ANSUpregulating the activity of one of
the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? - ANSDecrease
preload.
How do antiprostaglandin drugs cause stomach mucosal injury? - ANSThey alter the
thickness of the protective mucosal layer.
How do Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and Loperamide (Imodium) help relieve diarrhea? -
ANSThey decrease the motility of the ileum and colon, slowing the transit time and
promoting more water absorption.
, How should an oral glucocorticoid be taken? - ANSWith food.
Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? - ANSAldosterone
antagonist
The normal starting dose of levothyroxine is 50-100mcg per day for primary
hypothroidism. What is the most appropriate starting dose in a 71-year old female
patient? - ANS25mcg per day.
What action is most effective in decreasing the risk of hyperkalemia associated with the
start of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy? - ANSMaking sure that
the patient is well hydrated.
What age-related changes place the elderly at risk for an exaggerated response to
Warfarin (Coumadin) and Heparin? - ANSProtein binding changes and decrease in
clotting factors.
What anithypertensive agent is safe during pregnancy? - ANSMethyldopa (Aldomet).
What antimicrobial agent would be appropriate to prescribe in a 65-year old patient who
presents with a past medical history of coronary artery disease, a 101F temperature,
and tachypnea of 24 breaths per minute. Chest X-ray confirms a left lower lobe
pneumonia. - ANSLevofloxacin (Levaquin).
What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? - ANSThey
cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with certain drugs. They
should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - ANSPhoto-therapy and topical
corticosteroids
What direction would you give when prescribing Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ANSThe drug
must be taken on an empty stomach.
What do gastric parietal cells produce? - ANSHydrochloric acid.
What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANSHyperthroidism
What does the half-life of a medication determine? - ANSHow often the drug is to be
administered.
What drug can exacerbate the symptoms of GERD? - ANSVerapamil (Calan).
What drug class exacerbates hyperglycemia? - ANSCorticosteroids like Prednisone
(Deltasone).
Review 2024-2025 Edition. Real
Questions & Correct, Verified Answers.
Graded A+
A 75-year old patient is taking Timolol Maleate (Timpotic) for chronic open angle
glaucoma and is well controlled. What side effect might you watch for if Propanolol
(Inderal) is added? - ANSBradycardia.
A patient complains of "puffy feet" shortly after beginning a new medication three
months ago. There is no underlying physiological cause for this condition. What
medication is most likely causing the problem? - ANSAmlodipine (Norvasc).
A patient is taking the ACEI Enalapril (Vasotec) for the last four months for the
treatment of congestive heart failure, and is complaining of a nonproductive cough.
What should the NP advise the patient regarding this side effect? - ANSThe cough
should subside 1-4 days after discontinuing the drug.
A patient presents with a history of GERD and many other medical conditions. What
medication would you encourage her to avoid? - ANSNSAIDs.
Along with diet, what drug is used to treat hypertriglyceridemia? - ANSGemfibrozil
(Lopid).
Amenorrhea is the most common side effect of which birth control medication? -
ANSMedroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)
Can antacids cause diarrhea? - ANSYes, antacids containing magnesium, which
decrease bowel transit time, may cause diarrhea. Most often seen in renal insufficiency.
Heparin exerts its therapeutic action by what? - ANSUpregulating the activity of one of
the body's natural anticoagulant molecules, antithrombin III
How are IV morphine and nitroglycerin beneficial in acute heart failure? - ANSDecrease
preload.
How do antiprostaglandin drugs cause stomach mucosal injury? - ANSThey alter the
thickness of the protective mucosal layer.
How do Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and Loperamide (Imodium) help relieve diarrhea? -
ANSThey decrease the motility of the ileum and colon, slowing the transit time and
promoting more water absorption.
, How should an oral glucocorticoid be taken? - ANSWith food.
Spironoaldactone (Aldactone) has what mechanism of action (MOA)? - ANSAldosterone
antagonist
The normal starting dose of levothyroxine is 50-100mcg per day for primary
hypothroidism. What is the most appropriate starting dose in a 71-year old female
patient? - ANS25mcg per day.
What action is most effective in decreasing the risk of hyperkalemia associated with the
start of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy? - ANSMaking sure that
the patient is well hydrated.
What age-related changes place the elderly at risk for an exaggerated response to
Warfarin (Coumadin) and Heparin? - ANSProtein binding changes and decrease in
clotting factors.
What anithypertensive agent is safe during pregnancy? - ANSMethyldopa (Aldomet).
What antimicrobial agent would be appropriate to prescribe in a 65-year old patient who
presents with a past medical history of coronary artery disease, a 101F temperature,
and tachypnea of 24 breaths per minute. Chest X-ray confirms a left lower lobe
pneumonia. - ANSLevofloxacin (Levaquin).
What are some contrindications for HMG-co A reductase inhibitors (statins)? - ANSThey
cause myopathies, especially at higher doses or in combination with certain drugs. They
should never be used in patients taking Warfarin (Coumadin).
What are two systemic psoriasis medications? - ANSPhoto-therapy and topical
corticosteroids
What direction would you give when prescribing Sucralfate (Carafate)? - ANSThe drug
must be taken on an empty stomach.
What do gastric parietal cells produce? - ANSHydrochloric acid.
What does a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? - ANSHyperthroidism
What does the half-life of a medication determine? - ANSHow often the drug is to be
administered.
What drug can exacerbate the symptoms of GERD? - ANSVerapamil (Calan).
What drug class exacerbates hyperglycemia? - ANSCorticosteroids like Prednisone
(Deltasone).
