Nursing Care of the Child with an
Alteration in Comfort-Pain Assessment
and Management (Chapter 36).
Questions and Correct Answers, With
Rationale.
A highly individualized subjective experience
Pain
Pain is defined by
the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage"
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Who labeled pain as the 5th vital sign
The American Pain society
Transduction
◦Nociceptors are activated when exposed to noxious stimuli.
Mechanical, chemical, or thermal
, Transmission
◦Stimuli are converted to electrical impulses and relayed to spinal cord and brain by afferent nerve fibers
and unmyelinated small C fibers.
◦Neurotransmitters facilitate transmission process to the brain.
What appears to modify the pain sensation?
Neuromodulators
Perception
◦Nerve fibers divide in dorsal horn of spinal cord, cross to opposite side, and rise upward to thalamus.
◦Thalamus quickly sends message to somatosensory cortex of brain where impulse is interpreted as pain.
A-Delta Fibers
quick, sharp pain
C Fibers
long, dull pain
Pain threshold
is point where person feels lowest intensity of painful stimulus.
Modulation
◦Neuromodulators modulate the pain sensation.
Naturally occurring neuromodulators
include serotonin, endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins
Pharmacologic treatments can interrupt or _________________ the perception of pain
Modulate
Pain sensation can be modified peripherally _______________ or centrally ___________________.
at the site, in the brain
Duration of pain
acute or chronic
Etiology of pain
nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain
Source or location of pain
Somatic or visceral
Age and gender relationship to pain
Alteration in Comfort-Pain Assessment
and Management (Chapter 36).
Questions and Correct Answers, With
Rationale.
A highly individualized subjective experience
Pain
Pain is defined by
the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage"
Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:00
/
0:15
Full screen
Brainpower
Read More
Who labeled pain as the 5th vital sign
The American Pain society
Transduction
◦Nociceptors are activated when exposed to noxious stimuli.
Mechanical, chemical, or thermal
, Transmission
◦Stimuli are converted to electrical impulses and relayed to spinal cord and brain by afferent nerve fibers
and unmyelinated small C fibers.
◦Neurotransmitters facilitate transmission process to the brain.
What appears to modify the pain sensation?
Neuromodulators
Perception
◦Nerve fibers divide in dorsal horn of spinal cord, cross to opposite side, and rise upward to thalamus.
◦Thalamus quickly sends message to somatosensory cortex of brain where impulse is interpreted as pain.
A-Delta Fibers
quick, sharp pain
C Fibers
long, dull pain
Pain threshold
is point where person feels lowest intensity of painful stimulus.
Modulation
◦Neuromodulators modulate the pain sensation.
Naturally occurring neuromodulators
include serotonin, endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins
Pharmacologic treatments can interrupt or _________________ the perception of pain
Modulate
Pain sensation can be modified peripherally _______________ or centrally ___________________.
at the site, in the brain
Duration of pain
acute or chronic
Etiology of pain
nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain
Source or location of pain
Somatic or visceral
Age and gender relationship to pain
