PHP 405 CDC Training Exam - Questions with Verified Answers

PHP 405 CDC Training Exam - Questions with Verified Answers Using 2005 data, health district staff determined that the population in Kitsap County, Washington, has a median age of 37.2 years. 9% of residents live in poverty, 4.2% are unemployed, and 12 percent have no health insurance. The teen birth rate is 9/1000, and the infant mortality rate is 6.2/1000. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Targeting intervention programs B. Community health assessment C. Screening D. Evaluation of intervention programs E. Disease outbreak investigation F. Surveillance Between April 30 and May 17, as part of routine surveillance, 32 cases of hepatitis were reported to the district health department in Ogemaw County, Michigan (an unusually high number in this county for such a short time period). The health department determined that the illness was most common among boys 15-19 years old (16 cases) and boys 10-14 years old (12 cases). Additionally, more than 90% of the ill people had recently eaten at the West Branch Bakery. Health department personnel determined that consumption of glazed donuts at the bakery exposed residents to hepatitis. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Community health assessment B. Screening C. Targeting intervention programs D. Evaluation of intervention programs E. Disease outbreak investigation In an effort to prevent child abuse and neglect, new mothers were enrolled in a support program shortly after delivery if they had any of the following factors that indicated they may be at high risk for this problem: single parenthood, ambivalence to pregnancy (sought termination, no prenatal care), and personal experience of physical domestic violence or childhood abuse. Participants received home visit by the program's staff for the first 12 months of an infant's life, with extensive program services offered and implemented according to the individual mother's needs. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Community health assessment B. Disease outbreak investigation C. Evaluation of intervention programs D. Surveillance E. Screening F. Targeting intervention programs Cases in the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program are identified through ongoing active search and review of newborn and pediatric hospital records, and through birth certificates, death certificates, fetal death certificates, pathology reports, autopsy records of cytogenetic laboratories. This program provides reports on rates of birth defects to local and state officials on a regular basis. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Community health assessment B. Disease outbreak investigation C. Evaluation of intervention programs D. Surveillance E. Screening F. Targeting intervention programs Eight pairs of small Oregon communities were assigned to received either a school-based adolescent tobacco use program or the school-based program plus a community program. In each of the next five years, 7th and 9th grade students in these communities were surveyed about tobacco and other substance use. Surveys during years two and five indicated that the prevalence of smoking was significantly lower in the community intervention communities. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Community health assessment B. Disease outbreak investigation C. Evaluation of intervention programs D. Surveillance E. Screening F. Targeting intervention programs A baby's heel is pricked to obtain a few drops of blood for laboratory testing for signs of phenylketonuria (PKU). Usually, the baby's blood specimen is sent to a state public health laboratory for testing, and finding are sent to health care professional responsible for the infant's care. If there are abnormal laboratory results, the baby needs more extensive and precise testing to see if he or she does have PKU. This example illustrates which one of the following uses of epidemiology in public health? A. Community health assessment B. Disease outbreak investigation C. Evaluation of intervention programs D. Surveillance E. Screening F. Targeting intervention programs Epidemiology can be divided into two types. Select the correct two types. A. Analytic and descriptive B. Academic and descriptive C. Categorical and continuous D. Analytical and definitive Select the correct statement below. A. We cannot infer the probable cause of a health event using the methods of analytic epidemiology. B. Descriptive epidemiology is the most commonly used branch of epidemiology in public health research. C. We cannot infer the cause of a health event using the methods of descriptive epidemiology. D. We can use methods of descriptive epidemiology to confirm causation. Summary measures of frequency are used with: A. Data that are continuous. B. Data that are categorical. C. Data that are generated only by primary research. D. Data that are only from surveys. Select the correct statement below. A. Rate cannot be used to determine the burden of diseases in a given population. B. Rate express the size of the population relative to events that occur to persons at risk of an event. C. Rates cannot be used to estimate risk. D. Rates can be used to compare the risk of health events across different groups of people, places, and time. A local nursing home has reported of 20 cases of influenza to the local health department during the past month. Which measure would you use to estimate the extent of the influenza outbreak? A. Category-specific crude rate B. Median C. Age-adjusted rate D. Crude rate Select the correct statement below. A. Age-Adjusted rates always reflect the actual count of events. B. Age-adjusted rates account for difference in population locations C. Crude rates do not account for the underlying age differences between communities. D. Crude rates take into account the underlying age differences in population. Select the correct statement below. A. The mean can be influenced by outliers. B. The median is a measure of frequency. C. The median can be influenced by outliers. D. The mean is a measure of frequency. Age-adjusted rates: A. are useful when comparing communities with differing age distribution. B. Contribute little to community health assessment work. C. Cannot be used to compare populations with different age distributions. D. Are useful for getting accurate counts of cases. In 2004 in King County, 14 women and 27 men died of viral hepatitis. Select the statement below that best expresses a conclusion you can draw from the information. A. The ratio of men to women dying of viral hepatitis is roughly 2 to 1. B. The category-specific rate of men to women dying of viral hepatitis is three times as high for men. C. Women are two times more likely than men to die of viral hepatitis. D. Viral hepatitis is a major factor in the King County death rate. In a case-control study: A. It is usually unnecessary to use a 2 x 2 table. B. It is possible to estimate the relative risk using an odds ratio. C. We can calculate the relative risk directly from a 2 x 2 table. D. The incidence of the disease in the population is the same as the incidence of disease in the study subjects. You are in charge of determining the cause of a salmonella outbreak in your jurisdiction. To estimate the relative risk for several possible exposures, you calculate their odds ratios and reveal an odds ratio of 5 for exposure to frozen chicken breasts from a particular supplier in the area. You conclude that: A. The chicken is the cause of the outbreak, because of the high odds ratio associated with eating it. B. The chicken is not causing the outbreak, because an odds ratio of 5 is fairly low. C. The cause of the outbreak is probably the way that supplier processed the chicken. D. More investigation is necessary to determine whether the chicken is the cause of the outbreak. You are investigating tuberculosis in the US. You find that although the incidence rate of tuberculosis among US-born individuals is 2.3 per 100,000, the incidence rate among foreign-born individuals is 21.9 per 100,000, for a relative risk of 10.5 associated with being foreign-born. Select the statement below that best expresses this relative risk. A. Foreign- and US-born individuals in the US are almost equally likely to contract tuberculosis. B. US-born individuals are 10.5 times as likely to contract tuberculosis as foreign-born individuals. C. Foreign-born individuals in the US are 10.5% less likely to contract tuberculosis than US-born individuals. D. Foreign-born individuals are 10.5 times as likely to contract tuberculosis as US-born individuals. You are examining the results of a vaccine efficacy trial from the 1950s. You find that the incidence of polio among unvaccinated persons was 57/100,000, and the incidence among vaccinated individuals was 16/100,000, for an attributable risk 41/100,000. Select the statement below that best expresses this attributable risk. A. Of unvaccinated individuals, 41% contracted polio. B. Unvaccinated individuals were 41 times as likely to develop polio as vaccinated persons. C. Among unvaccinated individuals, the rate of polio that was due to their being unvaccinated was 41/100,000. D. Attributable risk of polio was 57 cases per 100,000 fewer among vaccinated individuals.