PSYC 255 Final Exam (Chap 1-14)
3 Types of Measures - correct answer-Self Report Measures: Surveys or Interviews
Observational Measures: Observation of behaviors, environment
Physiological Measures: Measuring brain activity, cortisol levels
A longitudinal design measures the same variable and the same people at several points in
time. Which of the 3 causal criteria does this est.? - correct answer-Temporal Precedence
A scatterplot is used when a variable is _____ and the second is ______ - correct answer-a.
Categorical, quantitative
b. Categorical, categorical
***c. Quantitative, quantitative
d. Nominal, quantitative
- You use a scatterplot when both variables are quantitative b/c it's talking about correlation
A statement or set of statements, that describes general principles about how variables
relate to one another is a(n) _______ - correct answer-a. Prediction
b. Hypothesis
c. Empirical observation
***d. Theory
After two students from his school commit suicide, Marcel concludes that the most likely
cause of death in teenagers is suicide. In fact, suicide is not the most likely cause of death in
teens. What happened? - correct answer-a. Marcel was probs a victim of the bias blind spot
b. Marcel was probs influenced by the availability heuristic; he was too influenced by cases
that came easily to mind
c. Marcel thought about too many examples of teens who died from other causes besides
suicide.
d. Marcel did not consider possible confounds
All of the following studies have small effect sizes. In which study is the result still important?
- correct answer-***a. Study shows that an aspirin a day can reduce heart attack risk
b. Association between meeting online and marital satisfaction
c. Correlation of SAT scores and college grades
An example of a ratio - correct answer-Number of questions answered
An example of an interval data - correct answer-Degree of completion on a scale of 1-5
An example of categorical/nominal variable - correct answer-Whether or not the homework
was completed
An example of ordinal data is: - correct answer-Lowest 3 homework grades
Association claims - correct answer-Can be seen with a scatterplot graph
, - Positive Association
- Negative Association
- Zero Association
Association/Correlation claim - correct answer-More than one variable the correlation
between variable, there's no direct cause and effect
- Females are more likely to take Psyc (being female doesn't cause you to take , can go both
ways)
availability heuristic - correct answer-A type of bias: When things pop up in our minds that
guides our thinking
Bias Blind Spot - correct answer-
Causal Claim - correct answer-Does one variable cause something to change in another??
- Studying increases exam scores (only goes one way)
Chapter 1 - correct answer-Thinking like a scientist and the empirical basis for what they
believe
Chapter 2 - correct answer-People's beliefs can be based on their own experience, their
intuition, on authorities or on controlled research.
Chapter 4 Questions - correct answer-
Cohen's Guidlines - correct answer-A study finds a correlation coefficient or r=.57. According
to Cohen's benchmarks, the magnitude of this effect is:
- Large
R is another way to represent a graph
Confirmation Bias - correct answer-a tendency to search for information that already agrees
with our own opinion. "Cherry picking"
Confound - correct answer-Alternative explanations
Construct Validity - correct answer-- How well are the variables measured or manipulated?
- Is the operational def a valid reflection of conceptual variable
Cronbach's Alpha - correct answer-The way a researcher can tell if an experiment has good
internal reliability
- a good score is alpha= 0.07
Destiny concluded that her new white nouse machine helped her fall asleep last night. She
based this conclusion on personal experience, which might have confounds. In this context,
a confound means: - correct answer-a. Another thing might have also occurred last night that
helped her fall asleep
b. Destiny's experience has left her puzzled or confused.
c. Destiny has not compared last night to times she didn't use the white noise machine
3 Types of Measures - correct answer-Self Report Measures: Surveys or Interviews
Observational Measures: Observation of behaviors, environment
Physiological Measures: Measuring brain activity, cortisol levels
A longitudinal design measures the same variable and the same people at several points in
time. Which of the 3 causal criteria does this est.? - correct answer-Temporal Precedence
A scatterplot is used when a variable is _____ and the second is ______ - correct answer-a.
Categorical, quantitative
b. Categorical, categorical
***c. Quantitative, quantitative
d. Nominal, quantitative
- You use a scatterplot when both variables are quantitative b/c it's talking about correlation
A statement or set of statements, that describes general principles about how variables
relate to one another is a(n) _______ - correct answer-a. Prediction
b. Hypothesis
c. Empirical observation
***d. Theory
After two students from his school commit suicide, Marcel concludes that the most likely
cause of death in teenagers is suicide. In fact, suicide is not the most likely cause of death in
teens. What happened? - correct answer-a. Marcel was probs a victim of the bias blind spot
b. Marcel was probs influenced by the availability heuristic; he was too influenced by cases
that came easily to mind
c. Marcel thought about too many examples of teens who died from other causes besides
suicide.
d. Marcel did not consider possible confounds
All of the following studies have small effect sizes. In which study is the result still important?
- correct answer-***a. Study shows that an aspirin a day can reduce heart attack risk
b. Association between meeting online and marital satisfaction
c. Correlation of SAT scores and college grades
An example of a ratio - correct answer-Number of questions answered
An example of an interval data - correct answer-Degree of completion on a scale of 1-5
An example of categorical/nominal variable - correct answer-Whether or not the homework
was completed
An example of ordinal data is: - correct answer-Lowest 3 homework grades
Association claims - correct answer-Can be seen with a scatterplot graph
, - Positive Association
- Negative Association
- Zero Association
Association/Correlation claim - correct answer-More than one variable the correlation
between variable, there's no direct cause and effect
- Females are more likely to take Psyc (being female doesn't cause you to take , can go both
ways)
availability heuristic - correct answer-A type of bias: When things pop up in our minds that
guides our thinking
Bias Blind Spot - correct answer-
Causal Claim - correct answer-Does one variable cause something to change in another??
- Studying increases exam scores (only goes one way)
Chapter 1 - correct answer-Thinking like a scientist and the empirical basis for what they
believe
Chapter 2 - correct answer-People's beliefs can be based on their own experience, their
intuition, on authorities or on controlled research.
Chapter 4 Questions - correct answer-
Cohen's Guidlines - correct answer-A study finds a correlation coefficient or r=.57. According
to Cohen's benchmarks, the magnitude of this effect is:
- Large
R is another way to represent a graph
Confirmation Bias - correct answer-a tendency to search for information that already agrees
with our own opinion. "Cherry picking"
Confound - correct answer-Alternative explanations
Construct Validity - correct answer-- How well are the variables measured or manipulated?
- Is the operational def a valid reflection of conceptual variable
Cronbach's Alpha - correct answer-The way a researcher can tell if an experiment has good
internal reliability
- a good score is alpha= 0.07
Destiny concluded that her new white nouse machine helped her fall asleep last night. She
based this conclusion on personal experience, which might have confounds. In this context,
a confound means: - correct answer-a. Another thing might have also occurred last night that
helped her fall asleep
b. Destiny's experience has left her puzzled or confused.
c. Destiny has not compared last night to times she didn't use the white noise machine
