Pathophysiology Exam 1 Sample
Questions
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse
recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:
a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin
B. Size
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what
type of atrophy?
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic
A. Physiologic
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to
an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy
which is an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
d. decrease in number
A. Increase in size
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for
respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that
stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated
cells. This type of cellular adaption is called:
a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
,When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of:
a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal
imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas
D. Pathologic hyperplasia
A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to
hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells
would undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape
and organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this
type of change?
a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia
D. Dyspalsia
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is
most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
,c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity
C. Ischemia
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes
cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term
would the nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis
D. Necrosis
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration
A. Decreased ATP production
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function
C. Reduced protein synthesis
A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to
atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged
heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of:
a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins
A. Oxidative stress
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
, A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea,
weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most
likely expression for these symptoms?
a. Lead exposure
b. Carbon monoxide poisoning
c. Ethanol exposure
d. Mercury poisoning
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involved increased intracellular:
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. magnesium
d. calcium
D. Calcium
A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner
surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will
the nurse be caring for?
a. Subdural hematoma
b. Epidural hematoma
c. Contusion
d. Abrasion
A. Subdural hematoma
A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a jagged
sharp-force injury that is longer than it is deep. What type of wound would the
nurse be caring for?
a. Stab wound
b. Incised wound
c. Puncture wound
d. Chopping wound
B. Incised wound
A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound
has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.
This wound would be documented as a(n):
a. exit
b. intermediate range entrance
Questions
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse
recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:
a. number
b. size
c. vacuoles
d. lipofuscin
B. Size
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what
type of atrophy?
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic
A. Physiologic
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to
an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy
which is an:
a. increase in size
b. decrease in length
c. increase in excitability
d. decrease in number
A. Increase in size
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for
respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that
stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated
cells. This type of cellular adaption is called:
a. anaplasia
b. hyperplasia
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
,When planning care for the pregnant patient, the nurse will recall that the
mammary glands enlarge as a consequence of:
a. compensatory hyperplasia
b. hormonal hyperplasia
c. hormonal anaplasia
d. compensatory anaplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal
imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
a. dysplasia
b. pathologic dysplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. pathologic hyperplas
D. Pathologic hyperplasia
A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to
hepatitis C. If the cancerous region of his liver is removed, the remaining cells
would undergo:
a. pathologic hyperplasia
b. pathologic metaplasia
c. compensatory hyperplasia
d. compensatory aplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
A 40-year-old female's Pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape
and organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this
type of change?
a. Metaplasia
b. Atrophy
c. Hypertrophy
d. Dysplasia
D. Dyspalsia
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is
most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:
a. malnutrition
b. free radicals
,c. ischemia
d. chemical toxicity
C. Ischemia
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes
cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term
would the nurse use to define this process?
a. Adaptation
b. Calcification
c. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis
D. Necrosis
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
a. decreased ATP production
b. karyorrhexis
c. ribosome detachment
d. dehydration
A. Decreased ATP production
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
a. increased aerobic metabolism
b. failure of DNA
c. reduced protein synthesis
d. increase Na+ - K+ pump function
C. Reduced protein synthesis
A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to
atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once blood flow is returned to the damaged
heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of:
a. oxidative stress
b. vacuolation
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. lipid acceptor proteins
A. Oxidative stress
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
, A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea,
weakness, tinnitus, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most
likely expression for these symptoms?
a. Lead exposure
b. Carbon monoxide poisoning
c. Ethanol exposure
d. Mercury poisoning
B. Carbon monoxide poisoning
A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involved increased intracellular:
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. magnesium
d. calcium
D. Calcium
A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner
surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will
the nurse be caring for?
a. Subdural hematoma
b. Epidural hematoma
c. Contusion
d. Abrasion
A. Subdural hematoma
A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a jagged
sharp-force injury that is longer than it is deep. What type of wound would the
nurse be caring for?
a. Stab wound
b. Incised wound
c. Puncture wound
d. Chopping wound
B. Incised wound
A 30-year-old female presents with a gunshot wound to the head. The wound
has seared edges and a deep penetration of smoke and gunpowder fragments.
This wound would be documented as a(n):
a. exit
b. intermediate range entrance
