Exam 1
Which of the following is NOT part of the examination portion?
a. History taking, PMH, Medications
b. Systems Review
c. Tests and measures
d. PT Diagnosis
d. PT Diagnosis
True or False
Muscle atrophy is a direct impairment from a CVA.
False, paralysis would be a direct impairment but muscle atrophy would be a
indirect impairment that comes from not using the paretic side.
What is the difference between negative and positive signs?
Negative= loss of something (paresis, paralysis, loss of dexterity)
Positive= newly appearing sign (spasticity, clonus, exaggerated DTR's)
What is a PT diagnosis?
Impact of a condition on function at the level of the system (especially the
movement system) and a the level of the whole person
What is the difference between a symptom and a sign?
Symptom= patient reported experience they have (dizziness, pain)
Sign= directly observable/measurable (blood pressure, effusion, ROM)
What is motor control?
the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
Which of the following is NOT a theory of motor control?
a. Reflex Theory
b. Ecological Theory
c. Pathological Theory
d. Hierarchical Theory
e. Motor Programming Theory
f. Systems Theory
c. Pathological Theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
reflex theory?
a. retraining may focus on enhancing or reducing the influence of reflexes (CI)
b. can use a quick stretch to enhance or reciprocal inhibition to reduce. (CI)
c. gives less emphasis on the nervous system than other theories (L)
,d. neurofacilitation were primarily related to assumptions of this theory and
the hierarchical (CI)
e. does not explain the absence of sensory stimulus, varying responses and
ability to produce novel movement (L)
c. gives less emphasis on the nervous system than other theories (L)
-reflex is all about the nervous system, this is a limitation of the ecological
theory since it gives less emphasis on it
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
hierarchical theory?
a. using tapping, PNF and other neurofacilitation techniques (CI)
b. does not explain the dominance of reflex behaviors such as the flexor
withdrawal reflex for protective against painful stimuli (L)
c. lower levels can control over higher (not always top down) (L)
d. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
d. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
-this is a clinical implication of motor programming theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
motor programming theory?
a. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
b. suggests variability is error and increases during skill acquisition (L)
c. includes abnormalities in CPGs or higher-level programs (CI)
d. does not explain why the same muscle groups react differently when placed
in different positions or given different loads (L)
b. suggests variability is error and increases during skill acquisition (L)
it actually DECREASES during skill acquisition with motor program theory;
still a limitation of the MP theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
systems theory?
a. exam and interventions must include the interaction of systems not just the
impairment of one system (CI)
b. presumes nervous system has greatest role than MSK, gravity and inertia
on behavior (L);
, c. encouraging pt to explore variability and flexibility of a system rather than
minimizing variability (CI)
b. presumes nervous system has greatest role than MSK, gravity and inertia
on behavior
its the opposite this theory believes there is a lesser role from the nervous
system than MSK, gravity and inertia; still this is a limitation to the Dynamic
Systems theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
ecological theory?
a. discourages adaptability and exploration of multiple ways to accomplish a
task (CI)
b. gives less emphasis on the nervous system (L)
c. critical part of rehab is the manipulating the environment so pt can learn to
adapt their movements depending on their perceptions of the world (CI)
a. discourages adaptability and exploration of multiple ways to accomplish a
task (CI)
-this theory ENCOURAGES the exploration and variability!
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Adding a
dual (carrying) task to TUG?
Ecological and Dynamic Systems
-adding multiple systems and has us decide what matters and what doesn't
matter
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Varying
components of a task to explore a pt's adaptability?
Systems
-this theory encourages variability and allows pt to explore movement
What theory(s) would be included for this assessment/intervention: Using
quick stretch to stimulate motor initation?
Reflex and Hierarchical
-both theories use neurofacilitation techniques to achieve movement
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Limiting
visual and proprioceptive input to assess vestibular integrity?
Systems and Ecological
-allows one to use other systems and have to adapt to their perception of the
world through those other systems
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Using
neuro facilitation techniques to normalize movement?
Hierarchical and Reflex
Which of the following is NOT part of the examination portion?
a. History taking, PMH, Medications
b. Systems Review
c. Tests and measures
d. PT Diagnosis
d. PT Diagnosis
True or False
Muscle atrophy is a direct impairment from a CVA.
False, paralysis would be a direct impairment but muscle atrophy would be a
indirect impairment that comes from not using the paretic side.
What is the difference between negative and positive signs?
Negative= loss of something (paresis, paralysis, loss of dexterity)
Positive= newly appearing sign (spasticity, clonus, exaggerated DTR's)
What is a PT diagnosis?
Impact of a condition on function at the level of the system (especially the
movement system) and a the level of the whole person
What is the difference between a symptom and a sign?
Symptom= patient reported experience they have (dizziness, pain)
Sign= directly observable/measurable (blood pressure, effusion, ROM)
What is motor control?
the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
Which of the following is NOT a theory of motor control?
a. Reflex Theory
b. Ecological Theory
c. Pathological Theory
d. Hierarchical Theory
e. Motor Programming Theory
f. Systems Theory
c. Pathological Theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
reflex theory?
a. retraining may focus on enhancing or reducing the influence of reflexes (CI)
b. can use a quick stretch to enhance or reciprocal inhibition to reduce. (CI)
c. gives less emphasis on the nervous system than other theories (L)
,d. neurofacilitation were primarily related to assumptions of this theory and
the hierarchical (CI)
e. does not explain the absence of sensory stimulus, varying responses and
ability to produce novel movement (L)
c. gives less emphasis on the nervous system than other theories (L)
-reflex is all about the nervous system, this is a limitation of the ecological
theory since it gives less emphasis on it
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
hierarchical theory?
a. using tapping, PNF and other neurofacilitation techniques (CI)
b. does not explain the dominance of reflex behaviors such as the flexor
withdrawal reflex for protective against painful stimuli (L)
c. lower levels can control over higher (not always top down) (L)
d. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
d. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
-this is a clinical implication of motor programming theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
motor programming theory?
a. suggests movement retraining for functional tasks rather than reeducating
muscles in isolation (CI)
b. suggests variability is error and increases during skill acquisition (L)
c. includes abnormalities in CPGs or higher-level programs (CI)
d. does not explain why the same muscle groups react differently when placed
in different positions or given different loads (L)
b. suggests variability is error and increases during skill acquisition (L)
it actually DECREASES during skill acquisition with motor program theory;
still a limitation of the MP theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
systems theory?
a. exam and interventions must include the interaction of systems not just the
impairment of one system (CI)
b. presumes nervous system has greatest role than MSK, gravity and inertia
on behavior (L);
, c. encouraging pt to explore variability and flexibility of a system rather than
minimizing variability (CI)
b. presumes nervous system has greatest role than MSK, gravity and inertia
on behavior
its the opposite this theory believes there is a lesser role from the nervous
system than MSK, gravity and inertia; still this is a limitation to the Dynamic
Systems theory
Which of the following is NOT a clinical implication (CI) or limitation(L) of the
ecological theory?
a. discourages adaptability and exploration of multiple ways to accomplish a
task (CI)
b. gives less emphasis on the nervous system (L)
c. critical part of rehab is the manipulating the environment so pt can learn to
adapt their movements depending on their perceptions of the world (CI)
a. discourages adaptability and exploration of multiple ways to accomplish a
task (CI)
-this theory ENCOURAGES the exploration and variability!
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Adding a
dual (carrying) task to TUG?
Ecological and Dynamic Systems
-adding multiple systems and has us decide what matters and what doesn't
matter
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Varying
components of a task to explore a pt's adaptability?
Systems
-this theory encourages variability and allows pt to explore movement
What theory(s) would be included for this assessment/intervention: Using
quick stretch to stimulate motor initation?
Reflex and Hierarchical
-both theories use neurofacilitation techniques to achieve movement
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Limiting
visual and proprioceptive input to assess vestibular integrity?
Systems and Ecological
-allows one to use other systems and have to adapt to their perception of the
world through those other systems
What theory(s) would be including for this assessment/intervention: Using
neuro facilitation techniques to normalize movement?
Hierarchical and Reflex
