Given the electrolyte panel results, what is the anion gap?
Sodium 135 mmmol/L
Potassium 5.0 mmol/L
Chloride 100 mmol/L
Bicarbonate 25 mmol/L
A. 20
B. 10
C. 5
D. 15
D. 15
Which of the following conditions is associated with a low serum magnesium
level due to decreased absorption?
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Addison's disease
C. Acute pancreatitis
D. Chronic alcoholism
C. Acute pancreatitis
A patient in the emergency department has the following results:
Glucose 505 mg/dL
Potassium 6.2 mmol/L
CO2 10 mmol/L
What action should be taken?
A. Check the specimen integrity
B. Recalibrate the electrolytes
C. Call critical results to provider
D. Request recollect of specimen
A. Check the specimen integrity
Which of the following is an effect of increased parathyroid hormone
secretion?
,A. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
B. Increased renal reabsorption of phosphate
C. Decreased bone resorption
D. Decreased blood calcium levels
A. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is often the result of which of the following
conditions?
A. Vitamin D deficiency
B. Pituitary disease
C. Liver disease
D. Renal failure
D. Renal failure
Which of the following results is inconsistent with a presumptive diagnosis of
rickets?
A. Low serum calcium
B. High alkaline phosphatase
C. High parathyroid hormone
D. High serum phosphate
D. High serum phosphate
A patient has an increased serum calcium level and a decreased serum
phosphorus level. The PTH level is also increased. These results correlate with
which of the following disorders?
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
B. Tertiary hyperthyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
,Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia are seen in which of the
following conditions?
A. Renal tubular damage
B. Hyperaldosteronism
C. Prolonged diarrhea
D. Severe vomiting
D. Severe vomiting
The sweat chloride test is used as a screening test for what disorder?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Hypoaldosteronism
D. Reye's syndrome
A. Cystic fibrosis
The serum calcium concentration is regulated by which of the following
hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Thyroxine
C. Albumin
D. Vitamin D
A. Parathyroid hormone
What is the preferred anticoagulant for the measurement of plasma calcium?
A. Heparin
B. Fluoride
C. EDTA
D. Citrate
A. Heparin
Which of the following laboratory tests are bone formation markers?
, A. N-telopeptide and C-telopeptide
B. Ionized calcium and vitamin D
C. Hydroxyproline and pyridinium
D. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase
D. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is associated with increased levels of which of
the following?
A. PTH-related protein
B. Calcitonin
C. Vitamin D
D. Magnesium
A. PTH-related protein
Hypokalemia may be seen in which of the following conditions?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Acute renal failure
C. Addison's disease
D. Diuretic therapy
D. Diuretic Therapy
What fraction of calcium circulates as free, ionized calcium?
A. 45%
B. 15%
C. 50%
D. 40%
A. 45%
When a mole of NaCl is added to a kilogram of water, which of the following
changes occurs in its colligative properties?
A. The osmotic pressure is increased, and the freezing point is decreased.
B. The boiling point is decreased, and the osmotic pressure is increased.
Sodium 135 mmmol/L
Potassium 5.0 mmol/L
Chloride 100 mmol/L
Bicarbonate 25 mmol/L
A. 20
B. 10
C. 5
D. 15
D. 15
Which of the following conditions is associated with a low serum magnesium
level due to decreased absorption?
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Addison's disease
C. Acute pancreatitis
D. Chronic alcoholism
C. Acute pancreatitis
A patient in the emergency department has the following results:
Glucose 505 mg/dL
Potassium 6.2 mmol/L
CO2 10 mmol/L
What action should be taken?
A. Check the specimen integrity
B. Recalibrate the electrolytes
C. Call critical results to provider
D. Request recollect of specimen
A. Check the specimen integrity
Which of the following is an effect of increased parathyroid hormone
secretion?
,A. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
B. Increased renal reabsorption of phosphate
C. Decreased bone resorption
D. Decreased blood calcium levels
A. Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is often the result of which of the following
conditions?
A. Vitamin D deficiency
B. Pituitary disease
C. Liver disease
D. Renal failure
D. Renal failure
Which of the following results is inconsistent with a presumptive diagnosis of
rickets?
A. Low serum calcium
B. High alkaline phosphatase
C. High parathyroid hormone
D. High serum phosphate
D. High serum phosphate
A patient has an increased serum calcium level and a decreased serum
phosphorus level. The PTH level is also increased. These results correlate with
which of the following disorders?
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
B. Tertiary hyperthyroidism
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
,Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia are seen in which of the
following conditions?
A. Renal tubular damage
B. Hyperaldosteronism
C. Prolonged diarrhea
D. Severe vomiting
D. Severe vomiting
The sweat chloride test is used as a screening test for what disorder?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Hypoaldosteronism
D. Reye's syndrome
A. Cystic fibrosis
The serum calcium concentration is regulated by which of the following
hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Thyroxine
C. Albumin
D. Vitamin D
A. Parathyroid hormone
What is the preferred anticoagulant for the measurement of plasma calcium?
A. Heparin
B. Fluoride
C. EDTA
D. Citrate
A. Heparin
Which of the following laboratory tests are bone formation markers?
, A. N-telopeptide and C-telopeptide
B. Ionized calcium and vitamin D
C. Hydroxyproline and pyridinium
D. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase
D. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is associated with increased levels of which of
the following?
A. PTH-related protein
B. Calcitonin
C. Vitamin D
D. Magnesium
A. PTH-related protein
Hypokalemia may be seen in which of the following conditions?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Acute renal failure
C. Addison's disease
D. Diuretic therapy
D. Diuretic Therapy
What fraction of calcium circulates as free, ionized calcium?
A. 45%
B. 15%
C. 50%
D. 40%
A. 45%
When a mole of NaCl is added to a kilogram of water, which of the following
changes occurs in its colligative properties?
A. The osmotic pressure is increased, and the freezing point is decreased.
B. The boiling point is decreased, and the osmotic pressure is increased.
