Med/Surg Exam 3
Hgb value men - ANS-14-18
Hgb value women - ANS-12-16
Hct value men - ANS-42-52%
Hct value women - ANS-37-47%
Total RBC male - ANS-42-52%
Total RBC female - ANS-3.8-5.1
WBC: Neutrophils - ANS-4,000 - 10000
Platelets - ANS-150,000-400,000
Anemia - ANS-a deficiency of red blood cells, decreased H&H
What can cause anemia? - ANS-Blood loss, impaired production of erythrocytes, or
increased destruction of erythrocytes
How is anemia classified? - ANS-CBC, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear
Mild anemia - ANS-Hgb 10-12; palpitations, exertional dyspnea, mild fatigue
Moderate anemia - ANS-Hgb 6-10; increased cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest and/or
during activity
Severe anemia - ANS-Hgb <6; involves multiple body systems
Integumentary manifestations of anemia - ANS-pallor, jaundice, pruritus
cardiovascular manifestations of anemia - ANS-results from additional attempt by the
heart and lungs; tachycardia, palpitations; exertion dyspnea (activity), dyspnea (at rest);
tachypnea, orthopnea
anemia hypothesis - ANS-fatigue, imbalanced nutrition, ineffective health management
, anemia - gerontologic - ANS-common in older adults; chronic disease; nutritional
deficiencies
anemia - decreased rbc production - ANS-normally, rbc production (erythropoiesis) is in
equilibrium with rbc destruction or loss
erythropoietin - ANS-glycoprotein primarily produced in the kidneys (10% in the liver)
life span of rbc - ANS-120 days
alterations in erythropoiesis that decrease RBC production - ANS-decreased
hemoglobin synthesis (iron deficiency anemia), defective DNA synthesis in rbc's
(vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency)
iron deficiency anemia - ANS-anemia caused by inadequate iron intake
what is iron - ANS-present in all rbcs as heme in hemoglobin and in a stored form;
heme accounts for 2/3s of the body iron
who's most susceptible to iron deficiency anemia - ANS-very young, those on poor
diets, and women in their reproductive years, malabsorption (occurs in duodenum)
clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia - ANS-pallor: most common; glossitis:
2nd most common; cheilitis
oral iron - ANS-enteric coated or sustained release capsules are counterproductive
side effects of iron - ANS-heartburn, constipation, black or green stools
megaloblastic anemia - ANS-a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red
blood cells are larger than normal; causes by impaired DNA synthesis, presence of
megaloblasts
Majority of megaloblastic anemias result from deficiency in: - ANS-cobalamin (b12), folic
acid
intrinsic factor - ANS-a protein secreted by parietal cells of the stomach that is
necessary for vitamin B12 absorption - distal ileum
Hgb value men - ANS-14-18
Hgb value women - ANS-12-16
Hct value men - ANS-42-52%
Hct value women - ANS-37-47%
Total RBC male - ANS-42-52%
Total RBC female - ANS-3.8-5.1
WBC: Neutrophils - ANS-4,000 - 10000
Platelets - ANS-150,000-400,000
Anemia - ANS-a deficiency of red blood cells, decreased H&H
What can cause anemia? - ANS-Blood loss, impaired production of erythrocytes, or
increased destruction of erythrocytes
How is anemia classified? - ANS-CBC, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear
Mild anemia - ANS-Hgb 10-12; palpitations, exertional dyspnea, mild fatigue
Moderate anemia - ANS-Hgb 6-10; increased cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest and/or
during activity
Severe anemia - ANS-Hgb <6; involves multiple body systems
Integumentary manifestations of anemia - ANS-pallor, jaundice, pruritus
cardiovascular manifestations of anemia - ANS-results from additional attempt by the
heart and lungs; tachycardia, palpitations; exertion dyspnea (activity), dyspnea (at rest);
tachypnea, orthopnea
anemia hypothesis - ANS-fatigue, imbalanced nutrition, ineffective health management
, anemia - gerontologic - ANS-common in older adults; chronic disease; nutritional
deficiencies
anemia - decreased rbc production - ANS-normally, rbc production (erythropoiesis) is in
equilibrium with rbc destruction or loss
erythropoietin - ANS-glycoprotein primarily produced in the kidneys (10% in the liver)
life span of rbc - ANS-120 days
alterations in erythropoiesis that decrease RBC production - ANS-decreased
hemoglobin synthesis (iron deficiency anemia), defective DNA synthesis in rbc's
(vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency)
iron deficiency anemia - ANS-anemia caused by inadequate iron intake
what is iron - ANS-present in all rbcs as heme in hemoglobin and in a stored form;
heme accounts for 2/3s of the body iron
who's most susceptible to iron deficiency anemia - ANS-very young, those on poor
diets, and women in their reproductive years, malabsorption (occurs in duodenum)
clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia - ANS-pallor: most common; glossitis:
2nd most common; cheilitis
oral iron - ANS-enteric coated or sustained release capsules are counterproductive
side effects of iron - ANS-heartburn, constipation, black or green stools
megaloblastic anemia - ANS-a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red
blood cells are larger than normal; causes by impaired DNA synthesis, presence of
megaloblasts
Majority of megaloblastic anemias result from deficiency in: - ANS-cobalamin (b12), folic
acid
intrinsic factor - ANS-a protein secreted by parietal cells of the stomach that is
necessary for vitamin B12 absorption - distal ileum
