NHA CCMA Diseases Exam Prep Study
Guide
Diabetes mellitus (Type 1) -
\- body doesn't produce insulin
Causes: Unknown, autoimmune, genetic, or environment.
Conditions: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Fatigue, Blurry Vision, Weight Loss, Increase in Blood
glucose,
Treatments: Insulin Therapy
Diabetes mellitus (Type 2) -
\- don't respond well to insulin
Causes: Obesity, Inactive, Genetic
Conditions: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Fatigue, Increase in Blood glucose
Treatments: Diet, Exercise, Insulin, Medication
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -
\-A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
Causes: Unknown (possibly genetic, excessive insulin)
Conditions: Irregular menstrual cycles, Elevated hormone levels, Multiple cysts on
ovaries
Treatments: Weight loss, Estrogen, and progestin
Hypothyroidism -
\- thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.
Causes: Autoimmune disease, Medications, Thyroid surgery
Conditions: Fatigue, Weight gain, Muscle aches, Bradycardia, Depression, Elevated
cholesterol, Dry skin
Treatments: Synthetic thyroid hormone medication (levothyroxine)
Hyperthyroidism -
\-The overproduction of a hormone by the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck
Causes: Graves disease, Thyroiditis, Plummer's disease
Conditions: Weight loss, Tachycardia, Anxiety, Fatigue, Sleep disruption, Goiter
Treatments: Radioactive iodine, Antithyroid medication, Beta blockers, Thyroidectomy
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BBC) -
\-A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells
Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure
Conditions: New growth or sore that does not heal
Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser
therapy
, Squamous Cell Carcinoma -
\Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure, Less common than BCC
Conditions: Spreads to surrounding tissue, Most common on face and head
Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser
therapy
Malignant Melanoma -
\Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure
Conditions: Itchy/bleeding mole, New mole, Mole with changes
Treatments: Depends on stage of lesion, Surgery, Lymph node biopsy, Chemotherapy,
Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy
Acne vulgaris -
\Causes: Surge of sex hormones during puberty, Excess sebum on skin surface
Conditions: Black heads, white heads (comedos), Papules, pustules
Treatments: Regular cleansing of affected area, OTC benzoyl peroxide products,
Prescription medication (topical or oral)
Alopecia -
\Causes: Often hereditary, Hormone changes, Chemotherapy, Stress, Burns, Fungal
skin infections
Conditions: Loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body, typically on the scalp, Can
include eyebrows and eyelashes
Treatments: No cure, Hair transplants and medications can slow progression
Cellulitis -
\Causes: Staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections
Conditions: Red, tight skin, Pain in the inflamed area, Fever
Treatments: Oral/topical antibiotics, Hospitalization if at risk for developing systemic
infection
Dermatitis -
\Causes: Multiple causative agents, Contact with irritants
Conditions: Inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus
Treatments: Treatment is based on cause, Corticosteroid creams, Oral steroids
Eczema -
\Causes: Unknown (possible allergy or inflammatory condition)
Conditions: Chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly
rash
Treatments: Topical or systemic steroids, NSAIDs for discomfort
Folliculitis -
\Causes: Shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved area, Bacteria or fungi
Conditions: Red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance)
Guide
Diabetes mellitus (Type 1) -
\- body doesn't produce insulin
Causes: Unknown, autoimmune, genetic, or environment.
Conditions: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Fatigue, Blurry Vision, Weight Loss, Increase in Blood
glucose,
Treatments: Insulin Therapy
Diabetes mellitus (Type 2) -
\- don't respond well to insulin
Causes: Obesity, Inactive, Genetic
Conditions: Polyuria, Polydipsia, Fatigue, Increase in Blood glucose
Treatments: Diet, Exercise, Insulin, Medication
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -
\-A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
Causes: Unknown (possibly genetic, excessive insulin)
Conditions: Irregular menstrual cycles, Elevated hormone levels, Multiple cysts on
ovaries
Treatments: Weight loss, Estrogen, and progestin
Hypothyroidism -
\- thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.
Causes: Autoimmune disease, Medications, Thyroid surgery
Conditions: Fatigue, Weight gain, Muscle aches, Bradycardia, Depression, Elevated
cholesterol, Dry skin
Treatments: Synthetic thyroid hormone medication (levothyroxine)
Hyperthyroidism -
\-The overproduction of a hormone by the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck
Causes: Graves disease, Thyroiditis, Plummer's disease
Conditions: Weight loss, Tachycardia, Anxiety, Fatigue, Sleep disruption, Goiter
Treatments: Radioactive iodine, Antithyroid medication, Beta blockers, Thyroidectomy
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BBC) -
\-A type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells
Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure
Conditions: New growth or sore that does not heal
Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser
therapy
, Squamous Cell Carcinoma -
\Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure, Less common than BCC
Conditions: Spreads to surrounding tissue, Most common on face and head
Treatments: Curettage and electrodessication, Mohs surgery, Cryosurgery, Laser
therapy
Malignant Melanoma -
\Causes: Light/fair skin, Sun exposure
Conditions: Itchy/bleeding mole, New mole, Mole with changes
Treatments: Depends on stage of lesion, Surgery, Lymph node biopsy, Chemotherapy,
Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy
Acne vulgaris -
\Causes: Surge of sex hormones during puberty, Excess sebum on skin surface
Conditions: Black heads, white heads (comedos), Papules, pustules
Treatments: Regular cleansing of affected area, OTC benzoyl peroxide products,
Prescription medication (topical or oral)
Alopecia -
\Causes: Often hereditary, Hormone changes, Chemotherapy, Stress, Burns, Fungal
skin infections
Conditions: Loss or lack of hair anywhere on the body, typically on the scalp, Can
include eyebrows and eyelashes
Treatments: No cure, Hair transplants and medications can slow progression
Cellulitis -
\Causes: Staphylococcal and streptococcal bacterial infections
Conditions: Red, tight skin, Pain in the inflamed area, Fever
Treatments: Oral/topical antibiotics, Hospitalization if at risk for developing systemic
infection
Dermatitis -
\Causes: Multiple causative agents, Contact with irritants
Conditions: Inflammation of skin resulting in rash and pruritus
Treatments: Treatment is based on cause, Corticosteroid creams, Oral steroids
Eczema -
\Causes: Unknown (possible allergy or inflammatory condition)
Conditions: Chronic dermatitis with vesicular eruptions developing into itchy, red, scaly
rash
Treatments: Topical or systemic steroids, NSAIDs for discomfort
Folliculitis -
\Causes: Shaving or repeated rubbing of shaved area, Bacteria or fungi
Conditions: Red, itchy hair follicles (pimple appearance)
