DGS 4234 Questions And 100% Complete
Answers
Molecular diagnostics helps to identify people at risk for acquiring specific
diseases and facilitate the diagnosis of infectious and other human diseases at
the ___________ - Answer nucleic acid level
Identification of novel _____________ will aid in the development of useful
molecular assays for detection, diagnosis, and prediction of disease - Answer
molecular markers
Impact of molecular diagnostics - Answer - more accurate disease monitoring
- allows for early treatment and improved
patient care
- determination of most appropriate treatment
- reduction of patient morbidity and mortality
Nucleic acids targets can be amplified to... - Answer >10⁶
Purpose of Diagnostic Tests - Answer to distinguish variations in human disease
Purpose of Prognostic Tests - Answer to accurately describe the course of
disease
Purpose of Therapeutic Tests - Answer to predict the response to specific
therapies and determine if therapy is effective
Watson and Crick - Answer figured out structure of DNA was a double helix
Rosalind Franklin - Answer used X-ray diffraction to discover the structure of
DNA
DNA carries information for cells to... - Answer live, grow, differentiate, and
replicate
Human DNA contains ______ bases and ______ genes - Answer 3 billion; 20,000
Heterochromatin - Answer dark-staining, densely packed regions usually not
undergoing transcription
,Euchromatin - Answer light-staining, less densely packed regions, usually
undergoing active transcription
Nucleosomes are made up of... - Answer DNA and histones
Solenoids - Answer nucleosomes wrapped into higher order coils (30 nm
chromatin fibers)
The most condensed structure is the... - Answer mitotic chromosome
The chromosome has a packaging ratio of... - Answer 500:1
Histone proteins are _______ charged and mostly contain _______ - Answer
positively; lysine and arginine
A histone octamer contains... - Answer two each of H2A, H2B, H3, H4
DNA contains alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups linked
COVALENTLY by... - Answer phosphodiester bonds
DNA strands are held together by... - Answer hydrogen bonds
DNA is linked sequences of... - Answer nucleotides
Pyrimidines - Answer cytosine, thymine, uracil (singular 6-member ring)
Purines - Answer adenine and guanine (fused 5- and 6-member rings)
Ribose vs. Deoxyribose - Answer ribose has an additional OH group on 2C
whereas deoxyribose only has one OH at 3C
Nucleotides can be converted to nucleosides by... - Answer hydrolysis
The nucleoside contains... - Answer a base and sugar group
The nucleotide contains... - Answer sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
The phosphate group is found on what carbon? - Answer 5C
A binds T with _____ hydrogen bonds - Answer 2
, G binds C with _____ hydrogen bonds - Answer 3
DNA synthesis occurs in what direction? - Answer 5' to 3'
DNA can be denatured by... - Answer alkaline PH solutions, hydrogen bond
solvents (i.e. urea), elevated temperature
DNA melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature when... - Answer 50% of the
dsDNA in a sample has denatured or "melted" into ssDNA
What can cause higher Tm? - Answer high GC content or longer fragments
What can cause lower Tm? - Answer high amount of BP mismatches
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Structure - Answer circular dsDNA molecule
mtDNA Replication - Answer self replicating and do NOT depend on the cell
cycle
mtDNA inheritance is... - Answer maternal
Genes encoded in mtDNA include... - Answer 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, 13
polypeptides
Central Dogma - Answer DNA → transcription → RNA → translation → protein
Cell Cycle: G1 - Answer cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and
Answers
Molecular diagnostics helps to identify people at risk for acquiring specific
diseases and facilitate the diagnosis of infectious and other human diseases at
the ___________ - Answer nucleic acid level
Identification of novel _____________ will aid in the development of useful
molecular assays for detection, diagnosis, and prediction of disease - Answer
molecular markers
Impact of molecular diagnostics - Answer - more accurate disease monitoring
- allows for early treatment and improved
patient care
- determination of most appropriate treatment
- reduction of patient morbidity and mortality
Nucleic acids targets can be amplified to... - Answer >10⁶
Purpose of Diagnostic Tests - Answer to distinguish variations in human disease
Purpose of Prognostic Tests - Answer to accurately describe the course of
disease
Purpose of Therapeutic Tests - Answer to predict the response to specific
therapies and determine if therapy is effective
Watson and Crick - Answer figured out structure of DNA was a double helix
Rosalind Franklin - Answer used X-ray diffraction to discover the structure of
DNA
DNA carries information for cells to... - Answer live, grow, differentiate, and
replicate
Human DNA contains ______ bases and ______ genes - Answer 3 billion; 20,000
Heterochromatin - Answer dark-staining, densely packed regions usually not
undergoing transcription
,Euchromatin - Answer light-staining, less densely packed regions, usually
undergoing active transcription
Nucleosomes are made up of... - Answer DNA and histones
Solenoids - Answer nucleosomes wrapped into higher order coils (30 nm
chromatin fibers)
The most condensed structure is the... - Answer mitotic chromosome
The chromosome has a packaging ratio of... - Answer 500:1
Histone proteins are _______ charged and mostly contain _______ - Answer
positively; lysine and arginine
A histone octamer contains... - Answer two each of H2A, H2B, H3, H4
DNA contains alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups linked
COVALENTLY by... - Answer phosphodiester bonds
DNA strands are held together by... - Answer hydrogen bonds
DNA is linked sequences of... - Answer nucleotides
Pyrimidines - Answer cytosine, thymine, uracil (singular 6-member ring)
Purines - Answer adenine and guanine (fused 5- and 6-member rings)
Ribose vs. Deoxyribose - Answer ribose has an additional OH group on 2C
whereas deoxyribose only has one OH at 3C
Nucleotides can be converted to nucleosides by... - Answer hydrolysis
The nucleoside contains... - Answer a base and sugar group
The nucleotide contains... - Answer sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
The phosphate group is found on what carbon? - Answer 5C
A binds T with _____ hydrogen bonds - Answer 2
, G binds C with _____ hydrogen bonds - Answer 3
DNA synthesis occurs in what direction? - Answer 5' to 3'
DNA can be denatured by... - Answer alkaline PH solutions, hydrogen bond
solvents (i.e. urea), elevated temperature
DNA melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature when... - Answer 50% of the
dsDNA in a sample has denatured or "melted" into ssDNA
What can cause higher Tm? - Answer high GC content or longer fragments
What can cause lower Tm? - Answer high amount of BP mismatches
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Structure - Answer circular dsDNA molecule
mtDNA Replication - Answer self replicating and do NOT depend on the cell
cycle
mtDNA inheritance is... - Answer maternal
Genes encoded in mtDNA include... - Answer 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, 13
polypeptides
Central Dogma - Answer DNA → transcription → RNA → translation → protein
Cell Cycle: G1 - Answer cell grows physically larger, copies organelles, and
