DGS 4234 Final Exam Questions And
Answers @ 2024
P urines - Answer Adenine and Guanine (2 ring structure, one five ring and the
other six ring)
Pyrimidines - Answer cytosine and thymine (single six-membered ring)
Nucleotide component - Answer 5-carbon sugar (pentose sugar)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
Ribose sugar vs. deoxyribose sugar - Answer Ribose has an OH at C2
Histone Proteins - Answer positively charged amino acids (mostly lysine and
arginine)
Anthramycin and Adriamycin - Answer causes DNA damage and a chemotherapy
AUG - Answer codes for methionine, translation start
Gene enhancer sequences - Answer Provides tissue specific patterns of gene
expression
Very far upstream from promoter
Detects Variable restriction sites - Answer RFLP (restriction fragment length
,polymorphism)
Detects repeating units within a sequences - Answer VNTR (variable number of
tandem repeats)
Determines presences of polymorphisms and bases on southern blotting -
Answer RFLP and VNTR
Silent mutation - Answer does not alter protein product
Ligase - Answer joins DNA fragments
Human fibroblasts have a ______ rate of mutation in MS1 regions when compares
to HPRT1 gene locus - Answer greater
Nonsense mutations - Answer causes stop codon to be introduced
Polymerase Alpha - Answer Active during nuclear replication and priming of
DNA
What can damage DNA - Answer products of cellular metabolism (ROS)
X-rays
UV light
Alkylating agents
More chemicals
moderately repetitive DNA - Answer genes for rRNA and tRNA
,Xeroderma pigmentosum - Answer defective nucleotide excision repair
Increased risk of developing skin cancer
Faconi Anemia - Answer Bone marrow failure from mutations in the FANCA gene
(causes inter-strand crosslinks)
Epigenetic events - Answer methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and
acetylation of histones to increase or decrease gene expression
Then DNA modification through methylation and CpG islands
What might defective repair of damaged DNA casue - Answer transforming
mutations
three hydrogen bonds - Answer between cytosine and guanine
two hydrogen bonds - Answer between adenine and thymine
Pyrimidine Dimer - Answer cyclobutane ring formed under UV light between two
thymine
Denaturation of DNA - Answer separation of duplex strands by alkaline pH,
hydrogen bond solvents (urea), and elevated temperature
Glucocoticoid hormone binds to its receptor - Answer transcription occurs
Mitochondria - Answer its DNA and itself is self-replicating
, Multiple gene regulatory proteins bind to regulatory regions - Answer causes
altered expression
Gene Silencing - Answer methylation
Acute phase response changes in gene expression results in... - Answer
increases cytokine and chemokine production
related to tissue-specific gene expression patterns
miRNA - Answer preventing mRNA translation
deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) due to... - Answer mutation/methylation
silencing
MSI - Answer marked difference in the number of repeats between tumor and
normal tissue
*hallmark of Lynch syndrome*
LINE - Answer contributed to hemophilia, DMD, and cancers
AT rich regions
~17% of the genome
Discovered by Barbara McClintock
ALU elements - Answer causes replication errors
most abundant mobile elements in the human genome
Answers @ 2024
P urines - Answer Adenine and Guanine (2 ring structure, one five ring and the
other six ring)
Pyrimidines - Answer cytosine and thymine (single six-membered ring)
Nucleotide component - Answer 5-carbon sugar (pentose sugar)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
Ribose sugar vs. deoxyribose sugar - Answer Ribose has an OH at C2
Histone Proteins - Answer positively charged amino acids (mostly lysine and
arginine)
Anthramycin and Adriamycin - Answer causes DNA damage and a chemotherapy
AUG - Answer codes for methionine, translation start
Gene enhancer sequences - Answer Provides tissue specific patterns of gene
expression
Very far upstream from promoter
Detects Variable restriction sites - Answer RFLP (restriction fragment length
,polymorphism)
Detects repeating units within a sequences - Answer VNTR (variable number of
tandem repeats)
Determines presences of polymorphisms and bases on southern blotting -
Answer RFLP and VNTR
Silent mutation - Answer does not alter protein product
Ligase - Answer joins DNA fragments
Human fibroblasts have a ______ rate of mutation in MS1 regions when compares
to HPRT1 gene locus - Answer greater
Nonsense mutations - Answer causes stop codon to be introduced
Polymerase Alpha - Answer Active during nuclear replication and priming of
DNA
What can damage DNA - Answer products of cellular metabolism (ROS)
X-rays
UV light
Alkylating agents
More chemicals
moderately repetitive DNA - Answer genes for rRNA and tRNA
,Xeroderma pigmentosum - Answer defective nucleotide excision repair
Increased risk of developing skin cancer
Faconi Anemia - Answer Bone marrow failure from mutations in the FANCA gene
(causes inter-strand crosslinks)
Epigenetic events - Answer methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and
acetylation of histones to increase or decrease gene expression
Then DNA modification through methylation and CpG islands
What might defective repair of damaged DNA casue - Answer transforming
mutations
three hydrogen bonds - Answer between cytosine and guanine
two hydrogen bonds - Answer between adenine and thymine
Pyrimidine Dimer - Answer cyclobutane ring formed under UV light between two
thymine
Denaturation of DNA - Answer separation of duplex strands by alkaline pH,
hydrogen bond solvents (urea), and elevated temperature
Glucocoticoid hormone binds to its receptor - Answer transcription occurs
Mitochondria - Answer its DNA and itself is self-replicating
, Multiple gene regulatory proteins bind to regulatory regions - Answer causes
altered expression
Gene Silencing - Answer methylation
Acute phase response changes in gene expression results in... - Answer
increases cytokine and chemokine production
related to tissue-specific gene expression patterns
miRNA - Answer preventing mRNA translation
deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) due to... - Answer mutation/methylation
silencing
MSI - Answer marked difference in the number of repeats between tumor and
normal tissue
*hallmark of Lynch syndrome*
LINE - Answer contributed to hemophilia, DMD, and cancers
AT rich regions
~17% of the genome
Discovered by Barbara McClintock
ALU elements - Answer causes replication errors
most abundant mobile elements in the human genome
