BIOL 5500 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
CD3
Helps to send a signal from TCR into the T cell. Has epsilon and delta subunits
CD4
T helper cell. Has different subsets
CD8
killer T cell; proliferation via IL-2
CD18
adhesion molecule, deficiency causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD); PMN and
monocytes stuck in bloodstream, preventing diapedesis
CD25
alpha chain of IL-2 receptor, could help prevent autoimmune diseases
CD28
involved in secondary activation cascade for T cells; costimulatory molecule that binds
with CD80/CD86/B7-1/B7-2 on a dendritic cell, a macrophage, or B cell that has been
activated by infection; stimulates maturation of T cell
CD40
on B cell; assists with T cell-dependent B cell activation
CD40L
on helper T cell; used for T cell-dependent B cell activation
CD80& CD86 (B7-1 & B7-2)
used for costimulation; the second step in T cell activation; costimulatory molecules
expressed by DCs, macrophages, or B cells when they have been activated/matured by
infection or inflammation
CTLA-4
deficiency leads to insufficient costimulation control and autoimmunity; reduces T cell
responses and their proliferation
, CD2
signals that a cell is committed to T cell lineage
TLR 2,6 complex
detect lipoteichoic acid on gram positive bacteria; present on the plasma membrane
TLR 5
recognizes flagellin on bacteria from the plasma membrane
TLR 7
recognizes single stranded viral RNA on RNA viruses; present on endosome; uses
MyD88
TLR 8
recognizes single stranded viral RNA on RNA viruses; present on endosome
TLR 9
recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA on bacteria and DNA viruses; present on
endosome
TLR 4
recognizes LPS on gram negative bacteria; present on plasma membrane; uses either
TRIF or MyD88 as accessory molecules
TLR 3
recognizes double stranded RNA on RNA viruses; located on endosome; uses TRIF
RIG-I like receptors
recognize viral nucleic acids in the cytosol
NOD-like receptors
recognize bacterial cell wall components
RAG1/RAG2
involved in cleavage during recombination of activating gene; generate double stranded
breaks in DNA making hairpin loops; happens first in the process of VDJ recomindation
Artemis
hairpin processing; opens hairpins at coding ends and allows for them to be joined in
the next step
KU70/80 & DNA ligase
AND ANSWERS
CD3
Helps to send a signal from TCR into the T cell. Has epsilon and delta subunits
CD4
T helper cell. Has different subsets
CD8
killer T cell; proliferation via IL-2
CD18
adhesion molecule, deficiency causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD); PMN and
monocytes stuck in bloodstream, preventing diapedesis
CD25
alpha chain of IL-2 receptor, could help prevent autoimmune diseases
CD28
involved in secondary activation cascade for T cells; costimulatory molecule that binds
with CD80/CD86/B7-1/B7-2 on a dendritic cell, a macrophage, or B cell that has been
activated by infection; stimulates maturation of T cell
CD40
on B cell; assists with T cell-dependent B cell activation
CD40L
on helper T cell; used for T cell-dependent B cell activation
CD80& CD86 (B7-1 & B7-2)
used for costimulation; the second step in T cell activation; costimulatory molecules
expressed by DCs, macrophages, or B cells when they have been activated/matured by
infection or inflammation
CTLA-4
deficiency leads to insufficient costimulation control and autoimmunity; reduces T cell
responses and their proliferation
, CD2
signals that a cell is committed to T cell lineage
TLR 2,6 complex
detect lipoteichoic acid on gram positive bacteria; present on the plasma membrane
TLR 5
recognizes flagellin on bacteria from the plasma membrane
TLR 7
recognizes single stranded viral RNA on RNA viruses; present on endosome; uses
MyD88
TLR 8
recognizes single stranded viral RNA on RNA viruses; present on endosome
TLR 9
recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA on bacteria and DNA viruses; present on
endosome
TLR 4
recognizes LPS on gram negative bacteria; present on plasma membrane; uses either
TRIF or MyD88 as accessory molecules
TLR 3
recognizes double stranded RNA on RNA viruses; located on endosome; uses TRIF
RIG-I like receptors
recognize viral nucleic acids in the cytosol
NOD-like receptors
recognize bacterial cell wall components
RAG1/RAG2
involved in cleavage during recombination of activating gene; generate double stranded
breaks in DNA making hairpin loops; happens first in the process of VDJ recomindation
Artemis
hairpin processing; opens hairpins at coding ends and allows for them to be joined in
the next step
KU70/80 & DNA ligase
