BIOL 5500 exam 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Which cells make antibodies?
B cells
3 major functions of complement
recruit inflammatory cells (phagocytes)
opsonization of pathogens
perforation of pathogen cell membranes
which complement pathways are most alike?
MBL and classical
How is the classical pathway activated?
antigen-antibody complexes that recognize and bind to cell surface
How is the MBL pathway activated?
by natural molecules in our body that recognize sugars at surface of an infected
organism
How is the alternative pathway activated?
spontaneously on surfaces of pathogens
spontaneously hydrolyze
which pathway can self amplify
alternative
when C3 is degraded, what are the products?
C3a and C3b
what is the function of C3a
anaphylatoxin
what is the function of C3b
opsonization
what happens when C3 is deficient
susceptibility to infections/bacteria
which complement components make up MAC
C5b for attack
C6, C7, C8
death blow from C9
without C8
you cant make a MAC, but you can still have inflammation and opsonization
C1 qrs
essential for everything downstream
first in classical pathway
what happens if you don't have MBL
cannot initiate lectin pathway
, when is C3 active
all 3 pathways
when is C5 active
all 3 pathways
opsonin
antibody that makes pathogen easier to take up more efficiently
opsonization
enhancement of phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
opsonins examples
C3b and IC3b
which molecules serve as anaphylatoxins
C3a nd C5a
when does C1 inhibitor act
early, inhibits C1
when do Factors H and I inhibitors act
middle of cascade during C3 cleavage
when does CD59/protectin act
late in cascade, prevents formation of MAC
what infections are seen in patients lacking MAC components
C3 deficiency due to too much cleavage
without preventing MAC, nuclear antigens exposed, susceptibility to Neisseria
primary lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer Patches, appendix, adenoids
bone marrow function
generates B cells, RBC, WBC, platelets
Thymus function
T cell development, selects B cells
what happens to lymphocytes in the secondary lymphoid organs
mature lymphocytes activated as effector cells attack microbes.
spleen function
major site of hematopoiesis in fetal stages
lymph node function
junctions that direct movement of lymph towards upper body to empty into blood
cytokines
secreted molecules that act on other cells
antigens
part of pathogen recognized by adaptive immune system
epitope
small part of antigen recognized by receptor
cytokine examples
interleukins and interferons
AND ANSWERS
Which cells make antibodies?
B cells
3 major functions of complement
recruit inflammatory cells (phagocytes)
opsonization of pathogens
perforation of pathogen cell membranes
which complement pathways are most alike?
MBL and classical
How is the classical pathway activated?
antigen-antibody complexes that recognize and bind to cell surface
How is the MBL pathway activated?
by natural molecules in our body that recognize sugars at surface of an infected
organism
How is the alternative pathway activated?
spontaneously on surfaces of pathogens
spontaneously hydrolyze
which pathway can self amplify
alternative
when C3 is degraded, what are the products?
C3a and C3b
what is the function of C3a
anaphylatoxin
what is the function of C3b
opsonization
what happens when C3 is deficient
susceptibility to infections/bacteria
which complement components make up MAC
C5b for attack
C6, C7, C8
death blow from C9
without C8
you cant make a MAC, but you can still have inflammation and opsonization
C1 qrs
essential for everything downstream
first in classical pathway
what happens if you don't have MBL
cannot initiate lectin pathway
, when is C3 active
all 3 pathways
when is C5 active
all 3 pathways
opsonin
antibody that makes pathogen easier to take up more efficiently
opsonization
enhancement of phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
opsonins examples
C3b and IC3b
which molecules serve as anaphylatoxins
C3a nd C5a
when does C1 inhibitor act
early, inhibits C1
when do Factors H and I inhibitors act
middle of cascade during C3 cleavage
when does CD59/protectin act
late in cascade, prevents formation of MAC
what infections are seen in patients lacking MAC components
C3 deficiency due to too much cleavage
without preventing MAC, nuclear antigens exposed, susceptibility to Neisseria
primary lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer Patches, appendix, adenoids
bone marrow function
generates B cells, RBC, WBC, platelets
Thymus function
T cell development, selects B cells
what happens to lymphocytes in the secondary lymphoid organs
mature lymphocytes activated as effector cells attack microbes.
spleen function
major site of hematopoiesis in fetal stages
lymph node function
junctions that direct movement of lymph towards upper body to empty into blood
cytokines
secreted molecules that act on other cells
antigens
part of pathogen recognized by adaptive immune system
epitope
small part of antigen recognized by receptor
cytokine examples
interleukins and interferons
