COMD 5070 Fundamental Frequency FULLY
SOLVED
What is fundamental frequency?
*The lowest frequency
Reflects the rate at which the vocal folds are vibrating Lowest rate of repitition; assumes there is
repitition
*Highest amplitude harmonic component of all the individual waves that add up together to make the
voice specturm
Pitch is what kind of characteristic?
Perceptual not acoustic
What is pitch influenced by?
*spectral properties of a sound
*balance of different frequency components that are present in a complex wave that we hear
*whether a sound is louder or softer may influence very slightly the pitch we perceive
What kind of measure is fundamental frequency?
A physical measure; not a perceptual phenomenon
How is fundamental frequency measured?
*Hz or cycles per second
*can be derived by a computer; software calculates how many times the vocal folds oscillate
Pitch and fundamental frequency are highly _________? Explain
correlated
*as fundamental frequency goes up or down, the pitch we perceive goes up or down as well
What is periodicity?
*the property of a signal that repeats or recurs over time.
*individual cycle looks like any other;each looks like its neighbor
*simple or complex it doesn't matter; if it repeats exactly then it is periodic
*no variablity
The human voice is ________ periodic.
nearly
*it repeats quite regulary but not perfectly
*only slight deviations in the signal from one cycle to the next
What does aperiodic mean?
*the signal has no repititon at all
*an example is noise
*no way to predict what the waveforem will look like in the next milliseconds
*no fundamental frequency
, Describe how a period of a signal and its frequency are inversly related.
*As frequency of a signal increases the duration of each cycle (period) decreases.
*period is simply the duration between 1 peak and the next peak or 1 trough to the next trough as it
repeats over time.
If sine waves are in a harmonic relationship to one another they are what?
Mathematical multiples of lowest frequency compenent and you have a periodic signal.
If sine wave components are not in a harmonic relationship what happens?
The wave may change irregularly from cycle to cycle or at least it may change in patterns that come
and go, or wax and wane over many cycles. It would no longer be a periodic signal.
Describe a sawtooth waveform?
What the human voice is without the influence of the vocal tract. It contains the fundamental
frequency and the harmonic components which slope off in their amplitude, or become less intense,
as you go higher and higher in frequency.
Describe the measurement unit for fundamental frequency.
Fo: represents the number of cycles that occur in one second
*in the human voice it's the number of times that the vocal folds open and close as they vibrate
during one second
1Hz=
1 cycle per second
period=
1/Fo
*period is the time it takes for a signal to go from one peak to the next peak (or trough to trough)
*one entire cycle (its period) is measured as 1 divided by the fundamental frequency
*ex.= If Fo is 200 Hz its period is 1/200th of a second or 5 ms (1000 milliseconds in a second)
Pitch perception is not ____________? Explain
Linear
*Our ears respond differently to frequencies that are low than to frequencies that are high in terms of
how spread apart they are. Changes in low frequency ranges are obvious to our ears/brain where as
same Hz change in higher frequency is less apparent.
Our hearing perception is sensitive to _________.
Proportional changes more than absolute changes
*change from 500-600 Hz more obvious because of its proportion of change as opposed to 3500 to
3600 Hz
In music, one octave has _________ semitones.
12 semitones; going up one octave doubles the frequency
A semitone is never a _______ number of Hz.
SOLVED
What is fundamental frequency?
*The lowest frequency
Reflects the rate at which the vocal folds are vibrating Lowest rate of repitition; assumes there is
repitition
*Highest amplitude harmonic component of all the individual waves that add up together to make the
voice specturm
Pitch is what kind of characteristic?
Perceptual not acoustic
What is pitch influenced by?
*spectral properties of a sound
*balance of different frequency components that are present in a complex wave that we hear
*whether a sound is louder or softer may influence very slightly the pitch we perceive
What kind of measure is fundamental frequency?
A physical measure; not a perceptual phenomenon
How is fundamental frequency measured?
*Hz or cycles per second
*can be derived by a computer; software calculates how many times the vocal folds oscillate
Pitch and fundamental frequency are highly _________? Explain
correlated
*as fundamental frequency goes up or down, the pitch we perceive goes up or down as well
What is periodicity?
*the property of a signal that repeats or recurs over time.
*individual cycle looks like any other;each looks like its neighbor
*simple or complex it doesn't matter; if it repeats exactly then it is periodic
*no variablity
The human voice is ________ periodic.
nearly
*it repeats quite regulary but not perfectly
*only slight deviations in the signal from one cycle to the next
What does aperiodic mean?
*the signal has no repititon at all
*an example is noise
*no way to predict what the waveforem will look like in the next milliseconds
*no fundamental frequency
, Describe how a period of a signal and its frequency are inversly related.
*As frequency of a signal increases the duration of each cycle (period) decreases.
*period is simply the duration between 1 peak and the next peak or 1 trough to the next trough as it
repeats over time.
If sine waves are in a harmonic relationship to one another they are what?
Mathematical multiples of lowest frequency compenent and you have a periodic signal.
If sine wave components are not in a harmonic relationship what happens?
The wave may change irregularly from cycle to cycle or at least it may change in patterns that come
and go, or wax and wane over many cycles. It would no longer be a periodic signal.
Describe a sawtooth waveform?
What the human voice is without the influence of the vocal tract. It contains the fundamental
frequency and the harmonic components which slope off in their amplitude, or become less intense,
as you go higher and higher in frequency.
Describe the measurement unit for fundamental frequency.
Fo: represents the number of cycles that occur in one second
*in the human voice it's the number of times that the vocal folds open and close as they vibrate
during one second
1Hz=
1 cycle per second
period=
1/Fo
*period is the time it takes for a signal to go from one peak to the next peak (or trough to trough)
*one entire cycle (its period) is measured as 1 divided by the fundamental frequency
*ex.= If Fo is 200 Hz its period is 1/200th of a second or 5 ms (1000 milliseconds in a second)
Pitch perception is not ____________? Explain
Linear
*Our ears respond differently to frequencies that are low than to frequencies that are high in terms of
how spread apart they are. Changes in low frequency ranges are obvious to our ears/brain where as
same Hz change in higher frequency is less apparent.
Our hearing perception is sensitive to _________.
Proportional changes more than absolute changes
*change from 500-600 Hz more obvious because of its proportion of change as opposed to 3500 to
3600 Hz
In music, one octave has _________ semitones.
12 semitones; going up one octave doubles the frequency
A semitone is never a _______ number of Hz.
