answers
As sound travels through air, it does so as a
longitudinal pressure wave
The period of a sine wave
is shorter for higher frequency sounds
Pressure can de defined as
force divided by area
Intensity can be defined as
power per unit area
The inverse square law means that
intensity decreases by a factor equal to the square of the change in distance
Based on the equal loudness curves figure (2-18, p33), a 100 Hz tone would need to be approximately
how many dB in intensity to sound equally loud to a 1000 Hz tone at 40 dB?
53 dB
We can typically perceive smaller differences in the pitch of two sounds if they are
two lower frequencies
The human voice as a complex tone is best described as
nearly periodic
A power spectrum is a type of
frequency domain plot
Resonance occurs when
the applied force is at a frequency that matches the natural frequency of an object
which of the following is an analog signal?
speech sounds in air
musical tones in air
displacement of the middle ear bones
all of the above
an analog signal (e.g. from a microphone)
is continuous in amplitude
is continuous in time
, both of the above
a table of numbers could fully represent
a digital signal
you cannot listen to digital sound via digital headphones
because the sound is really generated by analog loudspeakers
quantization refers to
the assignment of an analog value to the nearest digital value available
an 8-bit A/D system has how many quantization levels?
256
The sampling theorem indicates
the minimum sample rate needed to perfectly reconstruct a signal
aliasing during digital recording means that
a sinusoid is transformed into a different frequency
anti-aliasing filtering
removes frequency components above the Nyquist frequency
Low-pass filtering during DAC playback
is mandatory to eliminate the 'steps' in the analog waveform
A typical range of variation for fundamental frequency (F0) during reading passages would be about
3 semitones
It is best to compute jitter in a voice
during steady state phonation
In the research literature, the voice range profile (VRP) has also been called the
phonogram
phonetogram
F0-SPL profile
all of the above
The shape of the typical voice range profile reveals that
intensity and F0 both tend (approximately) to rise together
Direct measurement of lung pressure is achieved by
puncturing the neck with a needle below the vocal folds