Geography 101 Test Fully Solved

Advection - Horizontal movement of air Transmission - ability of a medium to allow EM radiation to pass through Absorption - ability of a molecule to capture incident energy Evaporation - liquid water changes its physical state to gas -Puts moisture into the atmosphere -Absorbs energy -When water evaporates, heat is absorbed, & the surroundings are cooled Condensation - water vapor (gas) changes its physical state to liquid water -Removes water vapor from atmosphere -Releases energy into the surrounding air -When water condenses, heat is released, & the surroundings are warmed Latent Heat - energy stored or released when a substance changes its physical state Adiabatic - w/o gain or loss of heat Adiabatic Cooling & warming - change in pressure & temperature of air that is rising or descending Warming: cool air subsides, is compressed, and warms Cooling: warm air rises, expands, and is cooled Solar Constant - total amount of energy received at the top of the earth's atmosphere -About 2 calories per square centimeter per minute (or about 1367 watts per square meter) Latitude & Temperature - angle of incidence Land & water differences effect on temperature - -in the summer, land heats up faster, to a higher temperature than water -In the winter, land cools down faster, to a lower temperature, than water -Water transmits sunlight -Water has high specific heat -Water mixes -Water evaporates -Water temperatures are less extreme than land temperatures Continental climates - more extremes of temperature (hotter in summer, colder in winter) Maritime climates - more moderate, less variation in temperature Atmosphere - air that surrounds the earth